Sexually transmitted infections are a public health concern in Canada — rates have been increasing steadily for decades. STIs can cause a variety of symptoms and lead to pregnancy complications, infertility, cancer, and other serious health problems. It’s important to note that STIs were commonly known as a sexually transmitted disease (STD), but the name was changed to infection to reduce stigma and account for the fact that many infections are asymptomatic and not all infections lead to disease.

Based on its name, it’s easy to assume that STIs can only be transmitted sexually. While sexual contact is the primary method of transmission, STIs can also be spread through non-sexual means. Understanding these different pathways is crucial for protecting yourself and others.

Sexual ways to contract an STI 

Most commonly, STIs are transmitted through vaginal, oral, and anal sex by someone who is STI-positive. But they can be spread through non-sexual ways too, such as from person to person by kissing or engaging in skin-to-skin touching and through contact with bodily fluids, like semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and blood.

It’s easy to unknowingly transmit an STI to another person since many STIs don’t come with obvious symptoms. That’s why it’s so important to get tested regularly and practice safe sex (such as always using condoms or dental dams).

In summary, STIs can be transmitted through any sexual activity that includes:

• The mouth, lips, throat, or saliva
• Pre-ejaculation (pre-cum), semen, vaginal fluid, anal secretions, blood or breast milk
• The vaginal canal, vulva, penis, or testicles
• The internal anal canal, anal entrance, or perineum

Therefore, sexual acts that can transmit an STI can include:

• Kissing
• Oral-nipple stimulation
• Oral sex
• Intercourse, including anal and vaginal
• Hand sex, including anal fingering, vaginal fingering, vulva stimulation, and hand jobs

Non-sexual ways to contract STIs

There are a few myths about the non-sexual ways you can contract an STI. Ever heard that you can get one by sitting on a public toilet seat? Or soaking in a hot tub? Those ideas aren’t based on science, and therefore, they aren’t something you need to worry about. In fact, STIs can’t exist outside the body’s mucosal membranes for very long. 

However, STIs can spread through non-sexual activities by getting into contact with bodily fluids, including semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and blood. For example, you could get an STI by:

• Sharing personal items like razors and towels: Bloodborne infections like HIV and hepatitis B and C can be transmitted by using a contaminated toothbrush or razor if blood is present
• Sharing unwashed sex toys: STIs that can be spread through toys include chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes, and the HPV (human papillomavirus)
• Blood transfusions or contaminated needles: A person infected with a bloodborne STI like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or hepatitis could transmit it to others through shared blood or needles. In Canada, all blood donations are tested for HIV and hepatitis. 
• Getting a tattoo or piercing: An infected person’s blood could be spread to others using shared supplies
• Skin-to-skin contact with open sores or lesions
• Exchange or contact with body fluids including platonic mouth kissing: An infected person’s bodily fluids could be spread to another
• Breastfeeding and giving birth: An infected mother could pass some infections to her child.
• Self-inoculation Touching your eyes, nose or mouth can transmit viruses to other parts of your body. 
• Eating contaminated food: Since Hepatitis A is passed through the fecal-oral route, someone can transmit the infection if they don’t wash their hands after using the washroom.
• Touching contaminated fabric: Trichomonas vaginalis can live on damp fabrics for an hour, and pubic lice [crabs] can be spread through shared material goods like bedding or towels.

Preventative Measures

Oftentimes, people don’t know they’ve contracted an STI and therefore don’t know they’re at risk of spreading it. And it’s understandable — many STIs don’t cause any symptoms, so it’s easy to not realize you have an infection.

That’s why regular STI screenings are so important. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, it’s important to get tested every year or more if:

• You have a new sexual partner
• You have any bumps, discharge, rashes, or other changes to your body
• You or your partners are having sex with other people
• You had sex with someone who has an STI 
• You didn’t use a condom or the condom broke

To limit your chances of contracting an STI, you can:

• Abstain from sexual activity
• Limit your number of sexual partners 
• Limit sexual activity to a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner 
• Engage in open communication with your sexual partner(s) and get tested together
• Use physical barriers such as condoms and dental dams 
• Avoid sharing medical equipment and personal items (including toothbrushes, towels, razors, needles and syringes)
• Clean sex toys properly after every use
• Wash your hands after sexual activity

You can also get the HPV vaccine. The 9vHPV vaccine is recommended for Canadians between the ages of 9 and 26 and can be given to those 27 and older who are at risk of exposure to HPV. It protects against nine types of HPV that can cause various types of cancer and genital warts. 

The good news is that contracting an STI through nonsexual behaviours is rare — for example, it equates to less than 1% of bloodborne STI transmissions. Those most at-risk of contracting an STI in a non-sexual setting are babies (from an infected mother), people sharing drug injection equipment and people in a situation where they have direct exposure to the bodily fluids of an infected person.

When to seek medical advice

The best way to stay safe is to practice safe sex and to be on top of your STI status. When in doubt, and definitely once a year, ask your healthcare provider to test you, or pop into a clinic. Request testing for any or all infections, or give your healthcare provider a run-down on your sexual history and they may recommend the best tests for you. 

Many STIs can be diagnosed quickly and treated easily — and you definitely want to catch one before you spread it to others, and before it causes you any serious health problems.

If you have any questions about STIs and/or symptoms — but can’t get access to a primary care provider — consider seeing a primary care provider on Maple. Primary care providers, including doctors and nurse practitioners, can talk to you about any symptoms you may have, offer advice on having safe sex or talking to a partner about STI testing, and help you find a place to go for testing. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Can You Have an STI if You’ve Never Been Sexually Active? appeared first on Maple.

In this blog, we’ll walk through what you need to know about UTIs and how to recognize the early signs of a kidney infection.

What is a UTI? 

The entire urinary tract consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Together, they work to remove waste from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys filter the blood to rid waste products from the bloodstream, making and concentrating the urine. The ureters are the tubes that deliver the urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores the urine until it is ready to be removed from the body through a tube called the urethra. 

Under normal conditions, this urinary tract is sterile, meaning there should be no bacteria. When well-hydrated, your body naturally flushes the bladder and connected tubes regularly, preventing microbes from harbouring and invading.

When a microbe like bacteria or — less frequently, fungi — infect anywhere along this tract, it’s called a UTI.

The main types of UTIs differ according to where the infection takes place and most commonly include: 

• Acute Cystitis: An infection of the bladder and lower urinary tract 
• Pyelonephritis: An infection of the kidneys and upper urinary tract

What is a kidney infection? 

A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of UTI that occurs when an untreated lower urinary tract infection spreads up to the kidneys through the ureters.

When an infection extends beyond the bladder and reaches the kidneys, it is considered to be a complicated UTI as it brings more health risks, including:

• Risk of bacteria entering the bloodstream (bacteremia)
• Permanently damaging your kidneys
• Becoming septic

Sepsis is one of Canada’s leading causes of death, taking the lives of over 2,000 Canadians each year.

Causes of UTIs and kidney infections

A study from the Canadian Journal of Urology reports that up to 95% of the time, uncomplicated UTIs are caused by E. coli bacteria. The bacteria transfer from the anus to the urethra to enter and infect the urinary tract. Spreading from the urethra to the bladder, the bacteria can cause a bladder infection (bacterial cystitis). 

If left untreated, the infection can further spread up the ureters to one or both of the kidneys, known as pyelonephritis. From the kidneys, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream causing bacteremia and systemic infection and eventually sepsis. 

Other less common causes of UTIs include: 

• Infections spreading to the kidneys from another part of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system
• A blockage in the urinary tract such as from a kidney stone, enlarged prostate, or prolapsed uterus 
• Following surgery on your urinary tract

Certain health conditions can increase your risk of developing a UTI. Conditions that increase this risk may include: 

• Diabetes 
• Recent or recurrent UTIs
• Postmenopause
• Having a shorter distance between the anus and urethra 
• Pregnancy 

Symptoms of UTIs vs kidney infections 

UTIs without kidney or systemic symptoms, like fever or chills, are classified as acute uncomplicated UTIs, or cystitis. Keep in mind that sometimes there can be no symptoms in cystitis at all. This is referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria.

However, when there are symptoms, the classic and most common symptoms of cystitis include: 

• Burning or painful urination (dysuria)
• Urinating more often (increased urinary frequency)
• Urinary urgency

Lower abdominal pain, foul smelling urine or urine that is more cloudy can also occur with bladder infections. Symptoms like fever or chills suggest a more widespread infection is brewing that is potentially involving the kidneys. 

A kidney infection often presents with more systemic symptoms and can include:

• Fever (A temperature over 38 degrees Celsius or 100 Fahrenheit)
• Chills 
• Back or flank pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue or having low energy 
• Tenderness along the bottom of the ribs on your back (costovertebral angle) 
• Pelvic or perineal pain
• Blood or pus in the urine  

Symptoms may be different from one person to the next, and can be more difficult to identify in the elderly, when confusion may be the only sign. Identifying the type and severity of UTIs is important for treatment decisions. 

Treatment options for UTIs and kidney infections

Determining the exact cause of the infection can help aid treatment decisions to prevent further spread or recurrence of infection. There’s a few ways a doctor may try to test you for infection:

• A midstream urine sample (meaning releasing a little urine before starting the collection process) is sent to the lab to analyze the urine and identify the exact bacteria causing the infection 
• Blood testing is reserved for very sick patients, often requiring hospital admission
• Imaging studies like an ultrasound, CT scans or an MRI are not needed for most UTIs but can be helpful when there are concerns of recurrent infections, obstruction, or structural abnormalities
• In other instances, an examination may be needed to help rule out other conditions that may present similarly like pelvic inflammatory disease or prostatitis for example

Treatment for UTIs include a course of antibiotics. Well-tolerated, broad spectrum antibiotics are usually selected first to cover a range of bacteria that commonly cause UTIs. When the urine culture results become available, you may be switched to a more specific antibiotic.

The exact antibiotic depends on a few factors:

• What bacteria is causing the infection 
• The severity of the infection
• Allergies to medications
• Recent antibiotic use or UTI 

The duration of treatment varies between antibiotics and can be as short as one single dose, or range from three to seven days for bladder infections. More serious infections involving the kidneys often require a longer course of treatment, typically seven to 10 days, or in severe cases require hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics. 

Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is sometimes used to alleviate the discomforts of UTIs. 

Prevention strategies 

Your body has natural defense mechanisms in place to prevent UTIs from starting such as regular flushing and emptying of the bladder and connected tubes. There are a few things you can do to prevent them from occurring:

1. 1. Hydrate. Staying hydrated will allow your body to flush and empty the bladder every few hours with more diluted urine. This prevents stasis of urine and makes it more difficult for bacteria to cause infection if they do find a way to enter the urinary tract. The exact amount of daily fluids needed isn’t the same for everyone, especially anyone with pre-existing health conditions like chronic kidney disease who may have a restricted daily amount of fluid they can safely consume. Connect with a healthcare provider before making any drastic changes to your fluid intake. 
   2. Avoid holding urine. It’s important to empty your bladder fully when you pee and not to delay emptying when feeling your bladder is full whenever possible. Delaying a washroom break concentrates the urine and provides more time for bacteria to invade and spread before getting flushed out again. 
   3. Practice good hygiene. Wiping from front to back can prevent introducing bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract around the anus to the urethra. For someone prone to UTIs, emptying their bladder after having sex can help remove bacteria that may have entered the urethra. They should also avoid bubble baths, bath oils, perfumed soaps, and vaginal douching. 
   4. Adjust your diet. Reduce or avoid consuming alcohol and caffeine. Both can give you the feeling of needing to empty your bladder more often. 
   5. Cranberry. Consuming cranberry in juice or capsule form can help reduce the risk of symptomatic UTIs for women with a history of UTIs by 26%. 
   6. Treat UTIs quickly and completely. Identifying a UTI promptly and treating it in its entirety by completing the course of antibiotics even if you feel better before finishing, can prevent recurrent infections or developing antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can make treating future infections more difficult. 

When you’re struggling with a UTI, the symptoms are hard to ignore, and it’s important to see a primary care provider as soon as you can. If you don’t have a primary care provider, Maple can help. Through our app, you can connect with a doctor or nurse practitioner online in minutes, 24/7/365 — so you don’t have to spend time wondering what your next step is. 

Dealing with a UTI is never pleasant, but being proactive can make all the difference. By recognizing symptoms early and seeking the right care, you can prevent a minor issue from escalating.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post UTI vs. Kidney Infection: Understanding the Key Differences appeared first on Maple.

Recognizing early signs of a UTI 

Early recognition of a potential UTI is key in preventing it from worsening. The initial signs can be subtle, but knowing what to look for can make a big impact.

Typical early warning signs include:

• Increased urgency and frequency: A sudden and strong urge to go to the bathroom quickly and more often than normal. Discomfort can accompany this abrupt need to urinate, even if you are only able to pass a small volume. These frequent trips to the bathroom can make you feel like your routine is being disrupted. If you find yourself urinating more than your normal patterns, you could have an impending UTI.
• Burning sensation: Inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract lining due to a bacterial infection can cause a burning sensation while urinating. The discomfort experienced can range from mild irritation to more intense pain. 
• Cloudy urine: Pay attention to changes in the clarity of your urine. If it appears cloudy or milky, it can indicate bacteria, blood cells, or pus being present. 
• Unusual odour: A strong or unpleasant odour in the urine more often indicates dehydration, but may also be an early sign of a UTI. Bacteria being present in the urine is responsible for this smell.

If you experience any of these early warning signs, you can take prompt action to prevent the infection from progressing. 

Actions to take at the first sign of a UTI

When you notice any of the above early signs, the below steps can help prevent a worsening infection.

• Hydrate: The single most effective way to prevent a UTI is to increase your water intake. Drinking more fluids ensures that you dilute your urine and urinate more often, flushing out any bacteria. For most people it is safe to slowly increase your water intake until you are emptying your bladder every few hours. The exact amount of water differs from person to person, especially for anyone with heart or kidney conditions who should check with their healthcare provider before adjusting their fluid intake.
• Visit the bathroom often: The longer you hold in your urine, the more likely bacteria will grow in your bladder. Make it a habit to use the bathroom as soon as you need to and ensure that you empty your bladder completely.
• Avoid irritants: If you think you may have a UTI, certain foods and beverages may irritate the bladder worsening the symptoms. Avoid spicy foods, caffeine, artificial sweeteners, and alcohol. Refocus on healthy foods full of fruits and vegetables that are high in water content.
• Consider cranberry products: While the evidence supporting their usefulness varies, some studies suggest that cranberry products may help prevent bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall and colonizing. This lowers the risk of an infection. If you want to incorporate cranberry products, make sure you consume sugar-free juice or take supplements. 
• Over-the-counter medications: Some UTI symptoms can be improved with medications. The medications can alleviate the pain, burning and urgency. The medicines do not treat the infection, but they can make it tolerable while you take other preventative actions. If you have any questions, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for dosage instructions.   

Understanding UTI symptoms 

The urinary tract is divided into two sections, the upper and lower. The lower tract is composed of the urethra and the bladder. While the upper tract consists of the kidneys and ureters.

Although infection of the urethra and ureters are possible, the term UTI is generally reserved for infections of the kidneys and bladder. Understanding the signs and symptoms of a UTI may differ based on where the infection is located and the severity.

These are the two main types of UTIs: 

Cystitis (Bladder Infection)

The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection. Symptoms of cystitis can include:

• Frequent and painful urination: This symptom is characterized by a persistent urge to empty your bladder, even if just for a small volume of urine. It is often accompanied by a painful burning sensation while urinating. 
• Low-grade fever: As your body battles an infection, you may notice a slight increase in your body temperature
• Lower abdominal pain: Discomfort or pain in the pelvic area could mean that your bladder is swollen and irritated
• Pink urine: Blood in the urine, or hematuria, should always be assessed by a healthcare practitioner

Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)

Pyelonephritis symptoms are more severe and can result in severe health complications if not promptly addressed. These symptoms include:

• High fever: A noticeable increase in your body temperature often partnered with chills, shivers, and night sweats
• Upper back or side pain: Pain in the flanks, towards the bottom of your ribcage, and near the kidneys is a serious sign that needs to be addressed by a healthcare provider right away
• Nausea and vomiting: These gastrointestinal symptoms can signal when a bladder infection has advanced to the kidney 

It is important to identify and treat UTIs early. If you notice symptoms of a kidney or bladder infection, see a primary care provider right away. 

When to call a doctor for a UTI

Despite all your best efforts, there are still situations in which you should seek guidance from a healthcare professional.

The scenarios include:

• Your symptoms remain persistent after one to two days of preventive measures like increasing fluid intake. This suggests that your infection may be further along and require a prescription of antibiotics.
• You develop a high temperature, back pain, blood in your urine, or vomiting. You should contact a healthcare provider right away. 
• It is imperative that pregnant women seek medical advice if they experience any symptoms of a UTI. If left untreated, it can result in complications for both the mother and the baby.

Long-term prevention measures

Taking proactive steps to prevent UTIs can make a big difference in your long-term health and comfort. While some people are more prone to these infections than others, there are practical habits everyone can adopt to help lower the risk of developing a UTI. 

For all genders:

• The best method of prevention is to ensure you stay well hydrated. The amount will differ for each person. Try to consume enough to empty your bladder every few hours.
• Don’t keep your bladder full. When you feel the urge, use the bathroom, ensuring you empty your bladder completely.

For people with a vulva:

• After using the toilet, wipe from front to back. This can help avoid contamination of fecal matter in the urethra.
• Urinate after sexual activity
• Avoid using condoms with spermicide and diaphragms as contraception methods. The spermicide suppresses natural flora (good bacteria), allowing other germs to flourish.
• Wear breathable underwear like cotton. Loose-fitting garments lower bacterial growth by helping keep the area dry.
• Steer clear of douches, powders, and scented feminine hygiene products. Any of these items can be irritating to your urethra.

For people with a penis:

• Ensure cleanliness around the tip of your penis. This is especially important if you are not circumcised. The foreskin can trap bacteria and moisture, which can lead to the germs entering your urethra, causing an infection.

Common UTI myths 

There are many common misconceptions regarding UTIs that can result in ineffective prevention and confusion. These are some common myths:

UTIs only Affect Women: False

While the prevalence is greater in females than males, men can also suffer from UTIs. Males tend to be at increased risk as they age secondary to certain medical conditions, including prostate issues or catheter use.

Poor Hygiene is the Only Cause: False

Sanitation practices can play a role in urinary tract infection development, however, other variables also play a factor. These include anatomical differences, specific health conditions, and sexual activity.

Symptoms of UTIs are Always Noticeable: False

While most UTIs are symptomatic, some older adults and individuals with certain medical conditions can experience symptoms like confusion or no symptoms at all in a condition known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. As long as the bacteria isn’t causing any problems, it can be left untreated.

Cranberry Juice Cures UTIs: Flase

Although cranberry products may be beneficial in preventing UTIs, they are not a cure. Antibiotics are usually required.

If you’re currently struggling with a UTI or experiencing recurrent UTIs, it’s important to see a healthcare provider. However, we know this isn’t always easy.

Maple can help if you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians who don’t have a primary care provider. Through Maple, you can connect with a primary care provider in minutes, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner, through text or secure audio and video call, 24/7. With Maple, you can say goodbye to those awful symptoms without the need to sit in waiting rooms or after-hour clinics, and if you need antibiotics, then prescriptions can be picked up from your local pharmacy or delivered straight to your door.

Urinary tract infections can be a major inconvenience; however, they can be prevented through appropriate care and vigilance. Early detection, understanding of symptoms, and prompt action are essential. Adopting lifestyle changes, and refuting popular misconceptions will also help you manage your urinary health more effectively. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post How to Prevent a UTI When You Feel it Coming appeared first on Maple.

What should you do in this situation? Will there be any side effects? Should you contact your healthcare provider? In this blog, we’ll cover what you need to know. 

Understanding birth control pills and how they work

The birth control pill (also called “the pill”) is a form of hormonal contraception that provides round-the-clock protection. When taken daily, it prevents pregnancy by thickening the cervical mucus to make it hard for the sperm to reach the egg and halting ovulation so eggs aren’t released and therefore can’t be fertilized.

The pill is most effective — 91 to 99% — when taken at the same time every day, without skipping days. It’s recommended that you team it with alternative forms of non-hormonal birth control devices, like condoms, for further protection and to protect against STIs.

Potential side effects of taking a double dose

It’s not uncommon for people to accidentally take an extra birth control pill. Life gets busy, and we get distracted!

You don’t need to be concerned or call your doctor — you most likely won’t experience any side effects. But if you experience pain, nausea, or vaginal bleeding that lasts a few days or any severe symptoms, contact your primary care practitioner.

If you intentionally took more than one pill

If you took more than one birth control pill — perhaps thinking it could act as a substitute for emergency contraception or could end a pregnancy — you likely won’t experience any long-term harm. But birth control pills are not a substitute for emergency contraception, nor can they be used to end a pregnancy. If you’re concerned about a pregnancy, it’s best to speak to your primary care provider. 

Birth control pills have a low toxicity, so they won’t make you severely ill. However, people can have allergic reactions — call 911 if you experience difficulty breathing, tightness in the throat, facial swelling, hives, or loss of consciousness.

If you need more information on emergency contraception or ways to end a pregnancy, contact a primary care provider or your local health centre. If you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians who don’t have a primary care provider, consider speaking to a Canadian-licensed doctor or nurse practitioner on Maple. Over secure text, video, or audio call, they can treat you or direct you to the right specialty. Primary care providers on Maple are available for you 24/7/365 and in minutes. 

What to do the next day

You accidentally took two pills yesterday: Now what? Should you skip today’s dose to get back on track? No — it’s important to important to continue taking the pill every day, at the same time so it’s most effective. You’ll finish the pack a day earlier, but that’s fine — you’ll just move onto a new pack one day earlier.

Impact on contraceptive effectiveness

Taking two birth control pills in one day will not make them less effective. But one factor that can have a big impact on the effectiveness of birth control is the time you take it. 

If you have progesterone-only birth control pills, you must take them at the same time each day, or at least within a 3-hour window for them to be effective. If you’re taking a combination pill (the more common type of birth control pill), which contains both progesterone and estrogen, you only need to worry about taking the pill each day — you’ll be protected no matter what time you take it. 

Consulting a healthcare provider

If you accidentally took two birth control pills in one day, you don’t need to consult a healthcare provider. As mentioned, you’ll likely experience no symptoms.

However, if you took more than one birth control pill intentionally, whether in an attempt to end a pregnancy or emergency contraception, consider contacting a sexual health clinic to learn about effective options for you. 

If you experience rare symptoms after ingesting the pills, such as pain, vomiting, bleeding, or symptoms of an allergic reaction such as; difficulty breathing, tightness in the throat, facial swelling, hives, or loss of consciousness, seek emergency care.

If you have mild symptoms that are lingering, seek medical care via a family doctor or walk-in clinic. You could also reach out to your local health centre, or try telemedicine. Maple has a range of doctors — from primary care providers to mental health therapists — who can offer you the support and care you need, whether you’d like a new birth control prescription or need help soothing anxious thoughts.

Tips for staying organized with pill consumption

While taking two birth control pills in one day likely won’t cause any symptoms, you’ll probably want to make sure it doesn’t happen again (why waste pills?). Here are a few helpful tips that can help you not only remember to take your pill every day but also not accidentally double-up:

• Take your pill at the same time every day, such as with breakfast or before brushing your teeth in the morning
• Every time you take your pill, flip the pack over so you know it’s been taken (just remember to flip it back before you go to bed so you can start fresh the next day)
• Use a calendar app or a medication journal to mark off when you take a pill, which can help prevent you from accidentally taking two
• Set an alarm on your phone to remind yourself to take it at a specific time. This can be particularly helpful with progestin-only birth control pills since they’re most effective when taken at the same time every day.
• Get a pillbox labelled with the days of the week — even if birth control pills are the only pills you take. The box will have a compartment for each day, which you can fill at the start of each week to prevent you from taking double doses.

It’s normal to feel concerned after realizing you’ve taken two doses, but know that you’re not alone in facing these kinds of situations. Life’s distractions are inevitable, and occasional slip-ups happen.

The important thing is to stay informed about what to do next and reach out to your healthcare provider if you have any concerns. They can guide you through any potential side effects and offer reassurance. Remember, your health is a priority, and support is always available when you need it.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What Happens if You Take Two Birth Control Pills in a Day? appeared first on Maple.

• Vaginal itchiness or irritation
• Vaginal discharge that is white and clumpy like cottage cheese
• Discomfort with sex or urination
  

A yeast infection is diagnosed by examination where your health care provider will inspect the area of concern and obtain a sample of discharge for microscopy or fungal culture. Microscopy identifies yeast under a microscope, and fungal culture will identify yeast if it grows with other cells. 

Genital herpes on the other hand is a viral infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), HSV-1 or HSV-2 strains. It is chronic and may be recurring. Genital herpes is most commonly caused by HSV-2. The HSV-1 strain is typically oral and responsible for cold sores. However, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes. Genital herpes is sexually transmitted. The symptoms of a genital herpes infection includes:

• Tingling or itchy sensation in the groin area a few days after sex with an infected individual
• Blister sores around the vagina, cervix, penis, testicles, anus, buttocks or thighs
• Burning sensation with urinating
• Swollen, tender lymph nodes in the groin 
• Fever
• Headaches
• Muscle pain
  

When diagnosing genital herpes, doctors typically swab the sores and test the sample using either a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or a viral culture. The NAAT looks for the virus’s genetic material, while a viral culture tries to grow the virus in the lab. In some cases, your doctor may suggest a blood test called Type-Specific Serology (TSS), which checks for antibodies to HSV-1 or HSV-2. This means it looks for your body’s immune response to the virus, rather than the virus itself.

Symptoms of yeast infections vs. genital herpes

It is possible to be symptom-free with a genital herpes infection, or have mild symptoms that can be confused with a yeast infection or a urinary tract infection.

The important differences in symptoms between a yeast infection and genital herpes are:

• Genital herpes includes painful blisters and sores, while yeast infections will have generalized itchiness and irritation. 
• Genital herpes does not cause discharge, whereas yeast infections often have thick, white discharge.
• Genital herpes can cause flu-like symptoms, but yeast infections do not. 
• Genital herpes is sexually transmitted; yeast infections are not.

Types of genital herpes tests available

Genital herpes can be diagnosed by confirming the presence of the HSV virus in the blister. This is done by opening the blister and taking a sample with a cotton swab or detecting antibodies against the virus in the blood.

As outlined above, the three main methods for testing for genital herpes or HSV are with a NAAT, viral culture, or TSS.

• NAATs are highly accurate, and therefore, the preferred choice for diagnosis. Unfortunately, NAAT tests are not always available. NAATs are commonly used when a viral culture has failed to detect HSV. 
• Viral cultures are best taken as soon as a sore appears. A viral culture is less accurate than the NAAT test, particularly on blisters or sores that have started to heal. Nevertheless, they are easy tests to perform and are widely available. Viral cultures can distinguish if HSV-1 or HSV-2. 
• TSS is a blood test that can identify if someone has HSV-1 or HSV-2, and can estimate how long one has had the infection by measuring the presence of specific antibodies, IgG and IgM. IgG antibodies usually indicate a past infection or exposure, whereas IgM antibodies indicate a recent or active infection. TSS is helpful under particular circumstances, such as:
  • When NAAT or viral culture is negative, but there are symptoms of HSV.
  • To determine if partners have different strains (one has HSV-1, the other HSV-2). 
  • In pregnancy to assess when the infection was acquired to determine risks to the newborn.

TSS testing availability in Canada varies, and it may not be covered by provincial or territorial health insurance plans. 

Can a yeast infection cause a false positive herpes test?

A false positive result indicates that an individual has a disease when they actually do not. A yeast infection will not cause a false positive genital herpes test.

Nevertheless, there are other circumstances in genital herpes testing where a false positive test may occur. 

False positive herpes tests are associated with:

• The blood test type-specific serology (TSS): The TSS is associated with high rates of false positive results. This happens because the test doesn’t directly detect the herpes virus but instead looks for markers in your immune system, making the results harder to interpret. TSS is more likely to give a false positive in people who are at low risk for genital herpes or if it’s done too soon after exposure — outside of the right testing window. For these reasons, it’s not recommended for routine screening or for people without symptoms.
• Cross-Reactivity: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are closely related, and our bodies produce similar antibodies in response to both types. Sometimes, the test might detect HSV-2 antibodies when someone doesn’t actually have HSV-2. Instead, it could be picking up on antibodies from a similar virus. If cross-reactivity is suspected, follow-up tests are usually done to get a clearer and more accurate picture.

Common misconceptions about genital herpes

Genital herpes is a relatively common sexually transmitted infection, with over 10% of Canadian adults infected. However, there are a few misconceptions about it.

These misconceptions include:

• Genital herpes is always symptomatic: Many people with genital herpes don’t even realize they have it. Some may never experience symptoms, while others may have mild symptoms that are easily mistaken for other conditions.
• Genital herpes only affects people with high-risk sexual behaviours: Genital herpes can affect anyone. It only takes one sexual encounter with someone who has the virus to contract HSV, regardless of your sexual history.
• Genital herpes is only spread through sexual intercourse: Genital herpes can also be transmitted through kissing or oral sex, not just intercourse
• Genital herpes will ruin relationships: With open communication and proper management, it’s absolutely possible to have healthy, happy, and intimate relationships while managing genital herpes.

Management and treatment options

Yeast infections are usually treated with antifungal medications like clotrimazole or fluconazole, taken for anywhere from one to seven days. These can come in different forms — either as an oral pill, a vaginal suppository, or a cream you apply directly to the affected area.

For genital herpes, while there’s no cure, flare-ups can be managed with antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. These are usually taken for five to seven days and work best if started within 72 hours of the first symptoms. In some cases, doctors may prescribe extra medication for you to keep on hand, so you can begin treatment quickly when a flare-up starts. While antiviral therapy won’t eliminate the virus, it can help reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks. Since genital herpes can cause painful sores, pain medication may also be recommended to help with discomfort.

If you’ve been diagnosed with genital herpes, it’s important to inform your sexual partners and avoid sexual activity during an outbreak, when blisters or sores are present. It’s also essential to know that herpes can still be passed on even when there are no visible symptoms. Condoms can help reduce the risk, but they aren’t 100% effective, depending on where the lesions are located or if the virus is being shed without symptoms.

Consulting a healthcare provider

If you have been experiencing sores, pain, discharge, or recurring infections and are uncertain whether you may have a yeast infection or genital herpes, it is important to be assessed by a healthcare provider.

A proper and timely diagnosis is critical for achieving the best treatment outcomes, managing symptoms, preventing complications, and reducing the risk of transmission to others. However, If you’re one of the 6.5 million Canadians without a family doctor, you can consider speaking to a primary care provider on Maple.

It’s quick and simple to register, and we provide access to primary care providers, such as Canadian-licensed doctors and nurse practitioners, within minutes, 24/7/365.

With all conversations taking place over secure text, audio, or video call, we make it easy to take control of your health. 

Understanding the differences between yeast infections and genital herpes is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. While their symptoms may overlap at times, recognizing the unique characteristics of each condition can help guide proper care. If you’re ever unsure or concerned about your symptoms, it’s important to seek advice from a healthcare provider. They can help clear up any confusion and ensure you receive the right diagnosis and treatment to keep you healthy and comfortable.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Can a Yeast Infection Cause a False Positive Genital Herpes Test? appeared first on Maple.

With syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea cases rising steadily across Canada since 2012, it’s more important than ever to stay informed. Anonymous STI testing offers a private, no-pressure way to get the answers you need about your sexual health. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from how it works to what to do with your results—so you can confidently take control of your health, on your own terms.

Understanding anonymous testing

If privacy is a priority, anonymous STI testing offers a discreet way to stay responsible with your health. Unlike traditional testing, which links your personal information to your results, anonymous testing ensures no identifying details are recorded. You can access this option at clinics, online, or with at-home test kits. Even if you test positive, your name isn’t attached to the results.

Public health teams can also help notify past partners anonymously, or you can do it yourself. This process encourages regular testing and helps prevent the spread of infections, all while protecting your privacy.

Benefits of anonymous testing

Besides the obvious benefit of being in control of your health, there are several other additional benefits to anonymous testing:

• Confidentiality: Your personal identifying information is not required to receive your results. This helps those individuals who are concerned about the potential impact of their test results on their personal relationships or even their careers.
• Convenience: With options from at-home kits to online testing, you can now have your testing completed from the comfort of your own home without ever needing to visit a clinic. These methods have been designed to be accessible and user-friendly and remove some of the stress from the STI testing experience. Some online services give pre-paid shipping, detailed instructions, and a secure online portal sign-in to access the results.
• Hesitation reduction: The fear of being discriminated against or having to face the judgment of others can often prevent many people from seeking out the testing and treatments they need. By providing a safe, nonjudgmental environment, anonymous testing leads to regular testing, earlier detection, and treatment, thereby reducing the overall prevalence of STIs.

How anonymous testing works

Anonymous STI testing is designed to be straightforward, discreet, and accessible. It typically begins with selecting the type of test you need and the service method you’re most comfortable with. This can be done with an at-home test kit, online, or through a clinic offering anonymous testing services.

If you’re using an at-home testing kit, you’ll start by signing up to the program or downloading an app. From there you will likely answer a brief questionnaire, which will direct you to the suggested kit or kits required based upon your individual risk profile. Depending on the service, they may send you a lab requisition, which will direct you to provide the samples in an anonymous testing-compliant lab. Some services will then mail the kits directly to your home in discreet packaging, and some may ask you to pick them up so you can do it yourself at home.
You’ll then collect the sample — such as urine, blood, or a swab — and send it back to the lab in a pre-paid, discreetly packaged envelope. Results are typically provided within a few days via a secure online portal.

For those who prefer to visit a clinic, anonymous testing is available at certain locations across Canada. At a clinic, you will not be required to provide personal information. Instead, you’ll receive a unique code or identifier to receive your results, which will not be linked to your identity.

Choosing the right anonymous STI test

While choosing the right anonymous STI testing for you, there are several factors to take into consideration:

• The type of test needed: If you have had multiple partners or unprotected sex, it is advisable to be broadly tested.
• Common Sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis, HIV, herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis. A swab, urine, or blood sample is required to test for these infections.
• Cost: Depending on the provider and the type of testing required, you may see a wide variety of prices. Your provincial or territorial insurance plan often covers testing in clinics or a public health unit. However, an at-home test kit may have an associated cost for you.
• Accuracy: Do research on which tests use certified laboratories and validated methods. Before selecting a service, look into the optimal testing window for that test. This is the time after exposure that will provide an accurate test and avoid false negative results from testing too soon after exposure. While no test is 100% accurate, choosing a service with high sensitivity and specificity and completing the test within the optimal testing window can give confidence in your results.
• Time until result: Some services provide faster processing times, which makes sense if you’re waiting to receive the testing kit by mail and then mailing the specimens back

Types of STIs covered in anonymous tests

To deliver a thorough assessment of your sexual health, anonymous STBBI testing covers a range of common infections. The most frequently tested are:

• Chlamydia: This is one of the most common STIs in Canada. Chlamydia often presents without symptoms and can lead to life-altering complications such as infertility.
• Gonorrhea: Another often “silent” infection is gonorrhea. If not detected and left untreated, it can also have serious health consequences.
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Often marred with stigma, anonymous testing for HIV can alleviate the fear associated with the stigma and encourage more people to receive regular testing. HIV testing is pivotal for early diagnosis and treatment.
• Syphilis: With Alberta recently declaring an outbreak and the incidences of syphilis cases rising exponentially in Canada, testing has never been more important. Similarly to chlamydia and gonorrhea, syphilis can be both symptomatic and asymptomatic. Discovering it early is key to preventing serious consequences and beginning an effective treatment.
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): HSV-1 and HSV-2 are the viruses responsible for genital and oral warts. Testing and early detection can not only reduce the risk of transmission but also help manage symptoms.
• Hepatitis B and C: Regular testing for these viruses can permit treatment before allowing them to cause serious liver damage
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV is a common and often undetectable symptomatically, that can lead to genital warts and in some cases, cervical and other cancers. While there is no routine test for HPV in people with penises, individuals with vaginas can be tested for high-risk strains during a pap smear or HPV screening test.

Testing for multiple STIs is recommended for a comprehensive health screening, especially if you have multiple partners or engage in high-risk sexual behaviours (like unprotected sex).

Taking action after anonymous STI testing

Once you have received your test results, it’s imperative to know which steps to take. Whether you’ve received a negative or a positive result, there is action to take for both.

• Negative result: Continue to practice safe sex, and recognize if your habits have changed. If you have begun to alter your or your partner’s normal practices, like engaging with multiple partners, or have stopped using condoms, consider repeat testing. Resume with regular screening as this will allow for early detection or detection of dormant infections.
• Positive result: Immediately seek treatment with a healthcare provider. Many anonymous testing services provide follow-up resources, such as referrals to healthcare providers for treatment and counselling. Most STIs are very treatable and when acted upon early, you can prevent further complications and reduce the spread of the disease. It is also extremely important to inform any recent sexual partners about your positive results, so they may also get the testing and possible treatment required. These conversations can be difficult, but they remain pivotal in protecting the health of others and reducing their spread.

Anonymous STI testing is a welcome and helpful tool for managing your sexual health while remaining confidential. Confidential testing allows people to receive the necessary testing without worrying about being stigmatized because it provides privacy, convenience, and accessibility.

Continue to test regularly, and anytime you change partners to preserve your sexual health and stop the spread of illnesses. Regardless of whether you opt for an in-home method or visit a clinic, you can maintain your discretion and receive your results.

If you don’t have access to a primary care provider that can help you navigate your questions, Maple can help. With Maple, you can speak to a primary care provider — like a Canadian-licensed doctor or nurse practitioner — over secure text, audio, or video call in minutes, 24/7/365.

Preventative measures to protect yourself and your relationships are more crucial than ever since STI rates are rising nationwide. Taking charge of your health is a good first step toward a healthier and better-informed future. Anonymous STI testing offers a safe, confidential path to the answers you need—without the worry of judgment or pressure. Remember, prioritizing your health is an empowering step, and there’s support available every step of the way.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Anonymous STI Testing: Your Guide to Testing Safely and Privately appeared first on Maple.

The World Health Organization estimates there are over 350 million new sexually transmitted infection (STI) cases occurring every year across the globe. Canadians have had increasing numbers of reportable STIs with rates of syphilis increasing by almost 400% over the past decade. 

When it comes to STI testing, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Timing really matters — testing too early might not give you accurate results while waiting too long could put your health or your partner’s at risk.

This blog will help you understand the risks of STIs, why regular testing is so important, and provide helpful resources to make navigating the testing process easier.

Understanding STI testing frequency after every partner 

There may be multiple factors that come into play when determining the best frequency of STI screening tests for you. Factors such as the number of sexual partners you or your partner may have, the types of sexual activities you participate in, and any other personal risk factors (like having previous STIs or using certain drugs) can impact how soon you may want to be tested. 

It is recommended to test regularly and after every new partner, especially if sexually active with unprotected sex. The more risks you have, the more frequently you may want to get tested. Someone with less risks may want to be tested annually, and someone with more risk may want to test every few months or sooner. 

To make an informed decision on STI testing, it’s important to understand the risks of STIs and how testing can make a difference. 

Risks of contracting STIs or STDs

Knowing the potential risks is the first step in protecting your health and making informed decisions about your sexual well-being. Let’s take a closer look at some of the most common STIs and how they can affect you.

The more common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include:

• Chlamydia, an often silent bacterial infection meaning it can cause no symptoms at all, is caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis
• Gonorrhea is another bacterial infection that is often silent, caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoea. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are two of the most commonly reported STIs in Canada. 
• Hepatitis is an infection involving the liver that is caused by the Hepatitis B or C virtus 
• Herpes is caused by one of two Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 or HSV-2) and leads to the development of blisters and ulcers 
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks an individual’s immune system. If left untreated, it can cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Anogenital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), infecting about 75% of Canadians at least once in their lifetime
• Syphilis cases are climbing and remain a preventable but potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Treponema Pallidum
• Trichomoniasis, sometimes called “trich”, is the most common non-viral STI globally, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Although used interchangeably, STIs and sexually transmitted diseases or STDs are not the same. All STDs start as an infection, but not all STIs will turn into a disease. Infections happen when a microorganism like a bacteria or virus, for example, enters the body and multiplies.

Passing of these infections from one person to the next can happen from unprotected sexual activity through: 

• Direct skin-to-skin contact 
• Exchange of bodily fluids like semen, vaginal or oral secretions
• Blood contact 

Certain STIs can slide under the radar and remain undetected in two ways: 

1. They can remain dormant, meaning there may be no evidence of infection for months to years after exposure like HSV. 
2. They may cause no symptoms at all, often the case for infections with gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and even certain HPV strains for example.

Because symptoms can take time to appear, it’s important to keep up with regular testing—even in a monogamous relationship. You might feel fine, but infections can sometimes go unnoticed for a while, making testing crucial for peace of mind and your health.

Importance of STI testing

Monogamous or not, regular screening and testing for STIs appropriately can have many benefits, such as:

• Ensuring early detection of undiagnosed infections
• Prevent complications from untreated infections
• Start proper treatment if needed
• Avoid spreading the infection to partners
• Allow partners to seek testing and treatment 
• Prevent spreading to your baby if pregnant

Delaying STI testing can come with serious risks, as untreated infections may lead to complications that impact your health, your partners, and even future pregnancies. Regular testing helps catch infections early before they can cause long-term damage.

Here are the risks involved:

• Passing infection from mother to baby during pregnancy and risk stillbirth, premature birth, birth deformities, sepsis, eye infections, or even death
• Development of liver disease (cirrhosis) or cancer
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious complication that can lead to infertility. 
• Increase risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
• HIV advancing into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Untreated dangerous HPV strains can cause genital warts or cancer of the mouth, vulva, cervix, penis and anus
  

STI testing windows

If you feel anxious immediately after having risky sex, you have time to make clear decisions. There is a window of time that needs to pass after being exposed to an infection before the test can accurately identify a positive result. Testing before this optimal window, you may receive a false negative test result. This depends on the STI and the specific test being done.

Common STI windows are:

• Chlamydia can test positive a few days to two to three weeks after exposure 
• Gonorrhea can test positive as soon as one day but is most accurate after seven to 14 days from exposure 
• Herpes accurately tests positive as soon as two days to two weeks
• Hepatitis tests positive two to four weeks after exposure
• HIV can take up to three months for a positive result 
• HPV can test positive one month to years after exposure 
• Syphilis results can be positive three to four weeks after exposure 
• Trichomoniasis can test positive five to 28 days after exposure

Stigma and misconceptions

When someone is diagnosed with an STI, they may fear judgement or fear they will experience negative attitudes or beliefs about their lifestyle or behaviours from others. This fear can prevent individuals from seeking the appropriate education, screening, testing, and treatment needed for STIs. 

Neglecting care for your sexual health can lead to poor outcomes and further distress. It is important to be proactive about your sexual health and to be aware that sexual health services in Canada are both free and highly confidential. If you are not comfortable discussing your sexual health with your primary care provider, there are many ways you can obtain sexual health care in Canada. 

Resources for STI testing

Confidential STI testing can be performed at various places, including: 

• Primary care provider
• Sexual health clinic 
• Local public health unit
• Walk-in clinic
• Virtual care

Getting yourself tested can help detect STIs before they show any symptoms. Early detection can prevent the infection from advancing to disease and complications or spreading to partners or babies for those who are pregnant. “Watch and wait” strategies will not work for many STIs.

Take charge of your sexual health and start regular STI screening. Discuss your individual risks with your healthcare provider or complete an intake questionnaire for online anonymous STI testing for a better understanding of a screening schedule that’s right for you. 

If you have any questions about STIs or symptoms but you don’t know where to start, speak to a primary care provider. If you’re among the millions of Canadians without a primary care provider, remember that you can always try Maple. A membership on Maple allows you to speak with a primary care provider, like a doctor or nurse practitioner, 24/7/365 over secure text, audio, or video call in minutes. Primary care providers on Maple can talk to you about any symptoms you may have, offer advice on having safe sex or talking to a partner about STI testing, and help you find a place to go for testing. 

Taking control of your sexual health starts with awareness and regular testing. Whether you’re in a monogamous relationship or have multiple partners, staying on top of STI testing is key to protecting yourself and those you care about. By understanding the risks, the importance of timing, and the benefits of early detection, you can make informed choices that support your long-term health and well-being. Remember, testing is a simple step that can make a big difference in preventing complications and ensuring peace of mind.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Should I Get Tested for STDs After Every Partner appeared first on Maple.

The importance of birth control is clear. However, its accessibility has long been hindered by financial barriers—until recently.

Here’s what you need to know about the cost of birth control in Canada and the recent changes to health coverage that have made it easier for more people to access contraception.

The importance of birth control

There are more than nine million Canadians of reproductive age and over 180,000 unintended pregnancies each year. Birth control reduces the risk of unplanned pregnancies, providing women with the ability to choose if or when they want to start a family.

Types of birth control methods

There are a few common types of birth control methods:

• • Hormonal methods (like the pill, patch, ring, injection, some intrauterine devices commonly known as IUDs, and the arm implant), which use hormones to block conception 
  • Non-hormonal methods (like condoms, copper IUDs, and diaphragms), which use devices to prevent conception and/or chemicals to kill sperm
  • Male and female sterilization methods use devices or minor surgical procedures to prevent conception

How much birth control costs

Each type of birth control has a different price tag and level of effectiveness. Here’s what a few methods can cost in Canada, without a prescription:

• Oral birth control pills: $300 per year
• Hormonal IUDs: $500 per unit
• Copper IUDs: $100 per unit
• Hormonal implant: $300 per unit
• Hormonal vaginal ring: $300 per year
• Contraceptive injection: $150 per year
• Emergency contraceptives: $30 per dose 

Things to consider when choosing a birth control method

Every method comes with a different price tag, level of effectiveness, and level of commitment required. Here’s what to consider when selecting the best contraception for you:

• Effectiveness: Birth control methods range in effectiveness. Effectiveness ranges from 87% with condoms and 93 to 99% with birth control pills, implants, and injections. 
• Potential side effects: Different methods come with different side effects that can vary in severity depending on the person. For example, copper IUDs can cause cramping and heavy or irregular periods. Progestogenic hormonal methods (Such as the progesterone-only pill, implant, or injection) can cause irregular bleeding, weight gain, breast tenderness, and headaches.
• Frequency: Some methods require more of a commitment than others — such as using them daily (like the pill) to ensure efficacy, while others only need to be used when having sex (condoms)
• Cost: They can cost as low as $12 a year for a copper IUD to as much as $332 for a female condom. But as of 2024, many birth control methods are free with a prescription (more on that below).
• Medications: If you have a medical condition or take specific prescriptions, not all birth control methods may be right or effective for you. Talk to a healthcare professional to learn more.
• When or if you want to have children: Some birth control methods, like certain IUDs, are a long-term solution to birth control since they are implanted for up to five years. A more short-term solution may be the better option if you’re looking to conceive within five years — it’s important to note that the injection contraception is the one contraception where fertility can take up to a year to return. Fertility tends to return within a few months with every other contraception. 

Why cost is a birth control barrier

The price of contraceptives often discourages people from accessing it or from opting for more effective methods. For example, the birth control pill costs about $25 per pack or $300 per year. IUDs (Intrauterine Devices) cost about $500 each and last about five years.

Without affordable access to effective contraception, more people are likely to have unintended pregnancies. Young people and people with low incomes have been disproportionately affected by this since they’re more likely not to have additional health coverage by an employer.

Affordable birth control options

The least expensive birth control option has always been condoms, which cost between $0 (many sexual health clinics and community health centres give them out for free) to $2 each. While condoms are only about 87% effective, they are the best and only way to reduce your risk of contracting or spreading sexually transmitted infections (aside from celibacy).

However, now that prescription birth control is free for Canadians with a valid health card, more effective forms of birth control are easily accessible.

Low-cost birth control clinics

Aside from Planned Parenthood, there are clinics across Canada that offer accessible care to those in need, including immigrants and refugees, people with STIs, people part of the 2SLGBTQ community, people who do sex work, and people without a valid health card. For example, Ontario’s Sexual Health Clinic provides birth control advice, inexpensive birth control, free condoms, STI and HIV testing and treatment, pregnancy testing, and counselling.

Tips for saving on birth control costs

As of this year, the best way to save on birth control costs in Canada is by getting a prescription from your family doctor. Contraceptives — including birth control pills, IUDs, implants, and the morning-after pill — are now free for any Canadian with a valid health card. 

Unfortunately, birth control (excluding condoms) is still not available over the counter, which means if you want free contraceptives, you need to visit a doctor and get a prescription. Other contraceptives (like vaginal rings and transdermal patches) are not covered at this time. 

If you’re among 6.5 million Canadians without access to a primary care provider, a primary care provider on Maple can help. Within the app, doctors and nurse practitioners can speak to you securely 24/7/365 over secure text or audio call to answer your questions about your options and, at their discretion, provide a prescription. 

Whether you’re exploring different methods or looking to understand the options available to you better, it’s important to stay informed about the resources that can help. Taking control of your reproductive health is now more accessible than ever, empowering more people to make decisions that suit their needs and lifestyle.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post How Much Does Birth Control Cost in Canada? appeared first on Maple.

Currently, syphilis is circulating throughout the Canadian population with an increase in reported cases among heterosexual women. However, gay and bisexual men continue to be disproportionately affected by the disease and other sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections.

Although it can be considered one of the most serious STIs, it’s also both preventable and curable. However, if left untreated, it can cause serious health problems and even death. 

Here’s what you need to know about the syphilis testing window — in other words, how to ensure accurate results on your syphilis STI test and minimize the risk of false negatives.

Symptoms of syphilis: What you need to know

Syphilis is now one of the most common STIs in Canada, among gonorrhea and chlamydia. Understanding the symptoms of syphilis is crucial for early detection and treatment. Knowing when and how to test for syphilis is equally important, as accurate testing and early diagnosis can prevent the severe complications associated with untreated infections.

Syphilis is transmitted through: 

• Sexual activity (including vaginal, anal, or oral sex)
• Sharing sex toys
• Contact with a syphilis sore (called a chancre) or rash
• During pregnancy, from the mother to the fetus
• Childbirth, if a baby comes in contact with lesions or fluids
• Direct transfer such as needle sharing or blood transfusions (Note: In Canada, all donated blood is screened for syphilis)

Practicing safer sex using condoms or dental dams can help lower the chances of contracting or transmitting syphilis, as can STI testing. Not everyone with syphilis experiences symptoms, which means it’s easy to pass it on to someone else — that’s why regular STI testing is so important. Aim to get tested every year, or more often if your situation has changed, such as a relationship status, sexual activity, or sexual partner(s).

While, as mentioned, not everyone experiences symptoms with a syphilis infection, particularly in the early stages. When symptoms do arise, the early stages may include:

• Headaches
• Painless chancre
• Rashes
• Fever
• Difficulty getting and maintaining an erection
• Changes to one’s personality

But other symptoms can arise, depending on how long the disease has been left undetected and untreated and, therefore, which stage syphilis is in.

Here’s how each of the four stages present:

• Primary syphilis: A single painless ulcer (chancre) or multiple painful lesions at the site of infection 
• Secondary syphilis: Skin rash, lesions, swollen lymph nodes, fever, patchy hair loss
• Latent syphilis: No symptoms, but can damage organs
• Tertiary syphilis: This can last for decades after contracting the infection, leads to damage to organs like the heart, brain, and blood vessels, and can cause serious health problems including tumors, blindness and death

The syphilis testing window

The syphilis testing window refers to the period between when someone contracts syphilis and when a test can reliably detect the infection. Typically, the incubation period for syphilis ranges from 30 to 90 days, depending on whether symptoms are present.

If you’re experiencing symptoms such as genital sores (chancres), they often appear within three weeks of exposure. In this case, a blood test can detect syphilis one to two weeks after the sore appears, so it’s best to get tested four to five weeks after exposure.

If you don’t have symptoms, it’s recommended to wait 90 days after exposure to get tested or to retest for a more accurate result.

In the meantime, whether you have symptoms or not, if you’re feeling anxious about potential exposure, consider speaking with a healthcare provider. They can offer advice, help you understand your options and guide you on the best course of action to protect your health.

Types of tests

Depending on the symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend a diagnostic test via a blood test or sample visible lesions. Less commonly, tests can also be done on samples of cerebrospinal fluid.

Serologic testing

Healthcare providers use serologic testing to measure the presence and amount of antibodies in the blood to diagnose and monitor syphilis and other infectious diseases. 

There are no perfect tests in detecting syphilis. Some are more sensitive than others at detecting T. pallidum or the antibodies against the bacteria, but there can be false results with any test. This is why the Public Health Agency of Canada provides healthcare providers guidance in the next steps. In Canada, the type of test(s) to diagnose syphilis may differ between provinces and territories but may include one or a combination of the following tests:

• Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) 
• Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) 
• Trepomenal-specific enzyme imminoassay (EIA) 
• Fluorescent trepomenal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
• T. pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) 
• Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA)
• Microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum  (MHA-TP)
  

The non-treponemal tests(VDRL and RPR) look for antibodies against cardiolipin, a type of lipid in the bacteria membrane, in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These tests are only positive after the first lesion or chancre develops, peaks in the first year, and then taper down. They can be undetectable in later stages of syphilis and, therefore, are not used to monitor disease progression. This type of test requires a trained lab technician. 

Treponemal tests (EIA, FTA-ABS, TP-PA, CIA, and MHA-TP) screen for antibodies directly against T. pallidum. A positive treponemal test can be detected early, but cannot tell the difference between a new exposure and a previously treated infection. So once this type of test is positive, it will remain positive for life and it is not an appropriate test to monitor disease progression. 

Rapid tests are approved and available to Canadians to help detect syphilis early and improve accessibility of testing. 

False positives may occur during serologic testing for those with conditions such as pregnancy, collagen-vascular disease, Lyme Disease, or injection drug use.

Direct tests and lesion samples

Also known as non-serological tests, direct tests are executed on lesions in the primary and secondary stages of syphilis. Direct tests are used less often than serologic testing methods and may not be offered at every laboratory due to the time sensitivity and required technician skill set and reliability of the tests. These types of tests can include darkfield microscopy, immunofluorescent antibody staining, Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT), immunohistochemistry, or silver staining. A healthcare provider may conduct a physical examination including a neurologic exam if they suspect latent or tertiary syphilis. 

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The cerebrospinal fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (CSF-VDRL test) is performed to diagnose syphilis in its late stage, when the disease may have reached the brain or spinal cord. That’s because untreated syphilis can cause neurosyphilis, an infection in the central nervous system. The CSF-VDRL test (also called a neurosyphilis test) looks for antibodies in CSF to diagnose neurosyphilis — meaning, syphilis in its late stage.

Congenital syphilis

Pregnant women with syphilis could pass the disease onto their babies, which can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, or future health problems for the baby, such as brain or nerve problems, and bone or joint abnormalities, among others. 

An assessment for congenital syphilis should be performed at 20 weeks of pregnancy with a detailed obstetrical ultrasound, or in infancy for children presenting signs or symptoms. The condition can be managed through a consultation with an obstetric/maternal-fetal specialist. 

Importance of early testing

Early testing for syphilis helps prevent the spread of the infection. Identifying and treating the STI means you won’t transmit it to others and can prevent spreading it to a newborn. If left untreated, syphilis can cause permanent damage to your health, such as neurosyphilis (an infection in the central nervous system that affects the brain and spinal cord) and in some cases, death.

Syphilis treatment

Syphilis can be easily cured in the early stages of the infection with penicillin. It’s an antibiotic medicine that can kill T. pallidum, the bacteria responsible for syphilis. Alternatives such as doxycycline or ceftriaxone can be used for people with penicillin allergies. If there are concerns about neurologic involvement such as neurosyphilis, a neurologist and/or infectious disease specialist may also be involved in your care path.

If you think you have an STI but don’t have access to a primary care provider. Maple can help. We’ll connect you virtually with a primary care provider — like a Canadian-licensed doctor or nurse practitioner — who can diagnose you and give you insight on next steps. Primary care providers — like doctors and nurse practitioners — are available 24/7/365 in minutes, and you can connect over secure text, audio, or video call. You’ll always feel confident that your conversation stays between you and your provider.

Taking control of your sexual health is essential, and understanding the syphilis testing window is a key part of that process. Early detection and treatment not only protect your health but also prevent the spread of this serious infection to others. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or simply want peace of mind, timely testing can make all the difference. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What is the Syphilis Testing Window? appeared first on Maple.

What are UTI symptoms?

Typically, symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection include:

• Pain or stinging when urinating
• Frequent need to urinate
• Only passing small amounts of urine
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Pain or cramping in the lower abdomen

If your UTI has progressed to your kidneys, you’ll likely also experience:

• Back (or flank) pain
• Fever and/or chills
• Nausea
• Vomiting

A kidney infection can cause permanent damage, including urosepsis, which are sepsis infections of the urinary tract and which can be fatal. Long-term complications of urosepsis decrease kidney function and kidney failure.

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Typical timeframe for UTI symptoms

Those without underlying health issues will generally see UTI symptoms within 48 hours of infection.

The onset of kidney infection symptoms are harder to predict since it depends on your immune system function as well as other factors. However, when they do arrive, they usually develop within hours or over a day.

Factors that influence timeframes

The timeframe of UTI symptom onset isn’t the same for everyone. In fact, it depends on a number of different factors. These include:

1. Type of bacteria
   Coli bacteria causes as much as 90% of urinary tract infections and it tends to produce symptoms relatively rapidly. However, it’s not the only pathogen that can trigger them. Speak to a primary care provider if you have questions about your type of infection.
2. Individual immune response
   The strength of your immune system affects the defense it can mount against pathogens in your body. Because of this, if you’re immunocompromised or under stress, the speed and severity of your symptoms will likely be different than someone with a robust immune system (more on this later).
3. Underlying health conditions
   Certain underlying health conditions can cause UTI symptoms to appear more quickly for a few reasons. Diabetes, for example, can be particularly problematic since it increases the amount of sugar in your urine, providing a plentiful food source for pathogenic bacteria in the urinary tract.Additionally, diabetes can cause nerve damage. This may make it harder to completely empty the bladder, causing urine and bacteria to build up in it. Both these factors can leave diabetics with rapidly growing bacteria populations in their urinary tract, resulting in more intense urinary symptoms, more quickly.
4. Hydration levels
   Drinking lots of water and other fluids keeps your urine diluted and increases urination frequency. Since this helps to flush bacteria from your system, it can potentially slow down the onset of symptoms.
5. Hormonal changes
   Estrogen is an important hormone for helping to maintain urinary health. As a result, fluctuations in your hormones — like the drop in estrogen that occurs during the menopausal transition or at certain points in your menstrual cycle — may impact how quickly your symptoms appear.
6. Sexual activity
   UTIs aren’t sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, sex can introduce bacteria into the area of the urethra, resulting in a UTI. What’s more, if you already have a UTI, having sex may precipitate more irritation, potentially heightening the discomfort you’re already feeling.
7. Use of certain medications
   Antibiotics are the gold standard for treating bacterial infections. However, they often kill beneficial bacteria along with pathogenic ones. This means that they and some other medications (such as anti-seizure medications) can alter your body’s microbiome. This, in turn, can influence your immune response and how quickly your symptoms arise.Certain birth control methods such as spermicide can also alter your native bacterial populations, affecting the timeline of your symptom arrival.
8. Age
   As you age, your immune system responds more slowly, increasing your susceptibility to infection. It can also bring about physical changes such as prostate enlargement or bladder prolapse that affect the urinary tract. As a result, older adults may experience a more rapid onset of UTI symptoms.

Type of UTIs

Besides the factors listed above, the part of your urinary tract that’s affected can also inform how long your UTI symptoms take to show up.

Infections affecting the lower portion of the system are known as lower urinary tract infections. These include bladder infections (cystitis) as well as urethra infections (urethritis).

Because the urethra is exposed to the outside, it’s more vulnerable to bacterial infection, especially in women, who have shorter urethras than men do. While the bladder isn’t exposed to the outside of the body it’s also not far, so bacteria can travel to it relatively easily. As a result, UTI symptoms affecting these areas develop sooner.

In contrast, upper urinary tract infections affecting the kidneys (pyelonephritis) don’t tend to come on as quickly. They’re typically the result of an untreated lower UTI ascending the urinary tract, so it can take several days before upper UTI symptoms arise. And, if you treat a lower UTI promptly, you may not experience pyelonephritis at all.

Infection severity

As you might expect, the severity of your infection is another ingredient in how soon you begin to notice your symptoms. This is because your immune system will produce a more aggressive response to higher levels of bacteria or more virulent strains. This results in more irritation and more severe symptoms.

In the case of a less severe infection, your immune system may be able to manage for a while before symptoms become noticeable. Instead, you may only feel slight discomfort when you urinate, for example.

However, whether it’s a highly virulent strain of bacteria or a milder one, if the infection spreads to your kidneys, more severe, systemic symptoms including fever, chills, back pain (or flank pain) and nausea are likely.

Individual health

It may be surprising, but it’s not actually the UTI-causing bacteria that triggers the symptoms that come with a urinary tract infection. Instead, it’s your immune response to the pathogen.

When your immune system detects an infection, it sends white blood cells to the site, which triggers inflammation, leading to irritation and swelling.

This inflammatory response to the invading bacteria results in pain during urination, an increased need to go, and discomfort in the abdomen.

As a result, individuals with a healthy immune system will likely experience symptoms sooner as their body responds more quickly to the infection. In contrast, individuals with a compromised or weakened immune system often see a more gradual symptom onset as their body reacts more slowly to the invading pathogen.

When to seek medical attention

If you’re experiencing symptoms of a UTI, you should see a healthcare provider. The discomfort of constantly needing to urinate, combined with the pain when you do, motivates most people to seek treatment as soon as possible.

While some do choose to hold off on treating very mild symptoms to see if they resolve themselves or attempt to cure them by taking cranberry juice, this isn’t a recommended approach. Seeing a doctor is even more important if you’re experiencing the classic trifecta of kidney infections symptoms. Flank pain, nausea/vomiting, and fever are the hallmarks of pyelonephritis, and it can become serious quickly.

Thankfully, you can treat a UTI relatively easily with antibiotics. Once you start taking them, you’ll likely experience some symptom relief within 24 to 48 hours.

If you think you have a UTI but don’t have access to a primary care provider. Maple can help. We’ll connect you virtually with a primary care provider — like a Canadian-licensed doctor or nurse practitioner — who can diagnose you and give you insight on next steps. Primary care providers are available 24/7/365 in minutes, and you can connect over secure text, audio, or video call — so you’ll always feel confident that your conversation stays between you and your provider.

Understanding the factors that influence UTI symptoms and their timelines can empower you to recognize and respond to infections promptly. While many variables affect how quickly symptoms arise, staying aware of your body’s signals and seeking medical attention at the first signs can make a significant difference in managing a UTI. Whether it’s a mild lower urinary tract infection or a more severe kidney infection, early intervention is key to preventing complications and ensuring a swift recovery. Keep these insights in mind to better protect your urinary health and maintain overall well-being.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Understanding Timelines for UTI Symptoms to Appear appeared first on Maple.