Maple allows you to connect with specialists like dermatologists through virtual care, so you can chat with a dermatologist over your phone, tablet, or desktop in days, not months. No referrals needed.

You may be wondering what to expect from a virtual dermatology visit and how to get the quality care you need.   
In this blog, we outline the role of dermatologists and what to expect from a virtual visit.  

Introduction to virtual dermatology visits 

A dermatologist is an expert in the care of healthy skin and the prevention and treatment of skin diseases and cancers. After medical school, dermatologists receive an additional five years of training to become certified. They specialize in the prevention, recognition, and treatment of diseases affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes (like inside your mouth). 

Some dermatologists will see and treat an array of conditions, whereas others may further subspecialize in areas like: 

• Cosmetic dermatology using Botox, dermal fillers, performing laser surgery, liposuction, and even facelifts.  
• Dermatopathology specializes in the pathology of the skin.
• Immunodermatology focuses on immune-mediated skin disorders and diseases like lupus
• Mohs surgery, a specialized technique for removing deep skin cancer margins while sparing tissue 
• Pediatric dermatology, if they completed both pediatrics and dermatology residency or fellowship programs after medical school 

The Canadian Dermatology Association estimates that 20% of Canadians have acne, one million were diagnosed with psoriasis, and three million live with rosacea.

Other common reasons that may bring you to a dermatologist include:

• Skin cancers like squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and precancerous lesions called actinic keratosis
• Eczema, dermatitis, dry skin and urticaria 
• Sweating too much (hyperhidrosis) 
• Loss of skin pigment (vitiligo) 
• Hair conditions like hair loss (alopecia), dandruff, or inflammation of the hair follicles (folliculitis) 
• Brittle or discoloured nails, nail fungal infections, or cancers presenting under the nail (subungual melanoma)

Virtual care from Maple connects patients like you with specialists like dermatologists to help diagnose and manage these complex medical conditions, skin care specialists, or specialists to monitor your moles with mole mapping. 

Preparing for your virtual dermatology appointment 

To set yourself up for a seamless virtual visit and connection, you may want to ensure you have a few things in place: 

• You are connected to a strong internet connection 
• While Maple supports text, you may be asked to go on video with a provider. You should ensure you’re using a device with a webcam and microphone such as a smartphone, computer, or tablet 
• If using a mobile device, download the Maple app in the Apple or Google Play store.

In regards to preparing for the reason for your visit, you may want to gather information like: 

• Notes or photos documenting your presenting symptoms 
• Any recent investigations like recent blood test results or biopsies
• A list of all of your medications and supplements you take, as well as past treatments for this condition
• Any questions you may have for your provider 

Understanding the process of virtual dermatology 

With Maple, connecting with a dermatologist or other medical professional like a family physician, dietitian, or other specialists is as easy as: 

1. Signing into your Maple account on an iOS or Android device or through desktop.
2. Clicking on “Get care” to start the process. 
3. Selecting dermatology as the provider you wish to connect with. 
4. Explain your symptoms or health-related concerns you are experiencing. This is the information-gathering step. Based on what you provide, you may be asked more questions (about past medical history, family history, medications, dietary and lifestyle habits) to better prepare the healthcare provider for the appointment. 
5. Submit your photos. See tips on how to take quality photos for teledermatology below.
6. You may need to verify your identity before entering the virtual waiting room. You will be provided with an expected wait time.
7. Begin connecting with your healthcare provider via text. You or the healthcare provider may request a video or audio call. 
8. Your provider will enter any relevant diagnoses, investigations, or prescriptions into the chat. 
9. If you receive a prescription you will have the option to have it sent to a pharmacy near you for you to pick up or have it delivered straight to your home.

Tips for taking effective teledermatology photos 

The photos you send the dermatologist must be clear and in focus. Consider these tips for taking your photos: 

• Use good lighting and avoid the need for flash photography.  Natural light outside or by a window is best. 
• Reduce distractions from busy backgrounds.
• Get close. A close-up photo can show details.
• Take pictures from afar.  A photo taken further away can show scale and location. 
• Consider using a ruler or coin next to your close-up photo to give the dermatologist something to reference for size comparison 

What to expect during your online visit

1. Input your location and choose your provider.
2. Pay for your visit (or membership, depending on province). 
3. Explain your symptoms or health-related concerns. This is the information-gathering step. Based on what you provide, you may be asked more questions (about past medical history, family history, medications, dietary and lifestyle habits) to better prepare the healthcare provider for the appointment. 
4. You may need to verify your identity before entering the virtual waiting room. You will be provided with an expected wait time.
5. Begin connecting with your healthcare provider via text. You or the healthcare provider may request a video or audio call. 
6. Your provider will enter any relevant diagnoses, investigations, or prescriptions into the chat. 
7. If you receive a prescription, you can have it sent to a pharmacy near you for you to pick up or have it delivered straight to your home.

Considerations when using virtual dermatology 

Virtual dermatology has increased access to dermatologists for many conditions. It’s also become a tool to assist in triaging conditions that warrant an in-person consultation or further diagnostic tests.

Conditions commonly treated using virtual dermatology can include: 

• Acne
• Eczema
• Different types of dermatitis like atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, and nummular dermatitis
• Nail infections
• Psoriasis
• Hives
• Scabies
• Lichen planus

There are, however, some limitations to what should be seen in-person, and when the dermatologist you see online may recommend an in-person visit for further assessment.

Conditions that may warrant an in-person dermatology visit may include: 

• Concerning moles or pigmented areas. A dermatologist often evaluates these using a dermatoscope or removed for biopsy.
• Concerns under or involving hair as these are difficult to capture even with quality photos and may require hair removal.
• Mucosal areas like inside the mouth can be difficult to visualize. 
• The need for a full body scan to assess widespread conditions.
• Conditions requiring a procedure like injections or biopsies for example cannot be done online. Virtual dermatology in this case may help triage and expedite the referral process. 

Follow-up and next steps 

Similar to visiting with a specialist in person, towards the end of your appointment, you and your provider will discuss a plan. Your plan may include:

• Tests for you to complete like bloodwork. 
• Starting a skincare or treatment regimen that could include a new or changed prescription medication.
• Any referrals to other specialists or healthcare providers such as dietitians, endocrinologists, and allergy and immunologists. 
• Discussing when an appropriate follow-up appointment would be if it’s needed. 

Understanding what to expect with a virtual visit can help ease your mind and make you feel more prepared and in control. With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can book an appointment directly with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist, and receive a personalized treatment plan, and track your condition over time. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What to Expect When using Virtual Care to See a Dermatologist appeared first on Maple.

This article will explain the causes of skin cancer, symptoms to look out for, and the common types of skin cancer including melanoma, which tends to be the most aggressive form.

What causes skin cancer?

Sunshine can be helpful for our mental health and conditions like psoriasis and eczema, but it also comes with risks. Prolonged sun exposure at any stage of life puts you at risk for skin cancer. This is especially true of childhood sunburns which increase the risk of developing melanoma as you age.

During this time, it’s important to keep an eye on moles and spots on your body. Many skin cancers are preventable, and being aware of the signs of skin cancer, and getting a mole mapping scan, can be helpful. 

Types of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer in Canada and usually affects areas of your body exposed to the sun. Its appearance can vary, from a white or waxy bump to a flat, flesh-coloured or brown scar-like lesion to a bleeding or scabbing sore that heals but ultimately returns. Basal cell carcinomas can also cause red, itchy patches, which may leave you unsure if you have a rash or skin cancer.

Despite being the least dangerous form of skin cancer, basal cell carcinomas do require treatment because if they are left untreated can become invasive and destructive to nearby structures including bone, which can lead to disfigurement. 

Squamous cell carcinoma also occurs in areas of your body exposed to the sun. This type of carcinoma can appear as firm, red nodules, or flat lesions with a crusted surface. The larger these tumours grow, the more destructive they become, increasing their potential to metastasize or spread to the lymph nodes or other organs. 

Both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common and highly treatable types of skin cancers, especially when addressed early. However, the third most common type of skin cancer, melanoma, is much more dangerous.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in your melanocytes — the cells responsible for making pigment. It occurs when your melanocytes grow out of control, which is why melanoma tumours resemble moles; it’s not uncommon for this to cause worry about a new mole or changes to an existing one. 

Melanoma tends to be a more aggressive form of cancer than other skin cancers; however, there are different types of melanoma, each with their own prognosis.

Types of melanoma

Superficial spreading melanoma

Superficial spreading melanoma begins in the top layer of the skin, and, although it can grow into its deeper layers, it usually spreads outward. The most common form of melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, can begin as a new spot or grow from a pre-existing mole. It’s a highly curable form of melanoma when it’s caught early.

Nodular melanoma

A fast-growing version of the disease and more dangerous because it quickly grows deeper into the skin, nodular melanoma is usually found in areas with less sun exposure.

Symptoms of nodular melanoma include a symmetrical papule, or growth, that sticks out of the skin. Because of this, it may resemble a pimple or blood blister, leading to some initial confusion about what it is. Nodular melanoma is also highly curable when caught early. However, because it can grow 0.5mm a month, nodular melanoma may spread rapidly and is often discovered at a later stage.

Lentigo maligna melanoma

A slow-growing cancer, lentigo maligna melanomas begin life as dark patches of precancerous skin called lentigo maligna. Found in areas subject to regular sun exposure, these dark patches may remain precancerous for years and even decades in some cases. A change in colour or texture, or the appearance of a raised portion may be a sign that it’s become malignant.

Acral lentiginous melanoma

A rare form of cancer, but most common among individuals with darker pigmented skin, acral lentiginous melanoma isn’t related to sun exposure. Instead, it appears on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands — areas unlikely to receive much sunlight. Acral lentiginous melanoma can also develop under the nails. It initially presents as a flat patch of skin with a different, usually darker pigment. While more research is needed, the development of acral lentiginous melanoma may be tied to trauma or physical stress at the site of the cancer.

How to spot melanoma

Melanoma has certain characteristics distinguishing it from a normal mole. While you’ll need to see a dermatologist or have the mole removed for biopsy to diagnose you with melanoma, there are certain signs to look for, including the “ABCDEs” of moles:

• A – Asymmetry: one side doesn’t match the other. Healthy moles are usually symmetrical.
• B – Border: edges are irregular, jagged, or scalloped.
• C – Colour: healthy moles tend to be a uniform shade of brown. Dark moles, or moles with different colours (black, brown, grey, red, or white), might be cancerous.
• D – Diameter: pay attention to moles larger than 6mm in diameter or that are growing quickly. You can do this by taking a picture with a measuring tape next to it and track it over time. 
• E – Evolution: a mole that suddenly appears, grows, or changes colour or shape, or that exhibits symptoms like bleeding, itching, or pain, should be investigated.
• Ugly Duckling — while not a letter that follows the others, anytime a mole doesn’t look like your other moles, you should take note of it. Known as the “ugly duckling” rule, this is a way to flag moles that are more likely to be problematic. 

Another sign to watch out for is how your mole feels. It may be time to see a dermatologist if it hurts, or itches, or bleeds.

How to reduce your risk of skin cancer

Dermatologists recommend “knowing your skin” as a first line of defence against skin cancer. This means you should track how many moles you have and if any of them change.

Next, since ultraviolet rays are the main environmental cause of skin cancer, it’s crucial to protect your skin from the sun. This includes:

• Wearing sunscreen of at least SPF 30 every day, even in winter or on cloudy days
• Avoiding the sun during peak hours (from 11am to 3pm), especially when UV rays are the strongest (between 12pm to 2pm)
• Wearing long-sleeve shirts, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat if you’re going to be out in the sun
• Steering clear of tanning beds

The importance of mole mapping

Addressing skin cancer and melanoma requires a comprehensive approach that includes regular check-ups and early detection. If you have a suspicious-looking mole or melanoma, it’s important to contact a primary care provider as a first preventative step.

Knowing your skin is also an important part of being proactive about potential skin cancers. For people living in the Greater Toronto Area, in-person mole mapping services can be booked through Maple. Through our service, technicians use digital imaging to scan existing moles and provide a comprehensive report.

Getting support for skin cancer and melanoma concerns

Seeing a dermatologist for a suspected skin cancer lesion is crucial as early detection and treatment of certain skin cancers could be life-saving. 

Addressing skin cancer and melanoma requires a comprehensive approach that includes regular check-ups and early detection. If you have a suspicious-looking mole or melanoma, it’s important to contact a primary care provider or general practitioner as a first preventative step. In Toronto, mole mapping services can also be booked through Maple. are also available

Dermatologists are at the forefront of skin cancer treatment, specializing in diagnosing and managing skin disorders, including cancerous lesions. A visit with a dermatologist can provide you with a specialized plan for treatments and tracking your condition. However, if you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians without a family doctor, this could result in long wait times at the walk-in clinic.

But getting an appointment with a dermatologist in person can take a while. Appointments require a referral from your healthcare provider, and if you’re among the one in five Canadians without a family doctor, this could result in long wait times at the walk-in clinic. On top of that, getting a referral doesn’t guarantee a timely appointment. The average wait time to see a dermatologist in Canada is between 6 to 18 months, depending on where you live.

With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can book an appointment directly with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist, who can provide a diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. n from a Canadian-licensed dermatologist without a referral in less than 24 hours. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Skin Cancer Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment appeared first on Maple.

In this blog, we’ll explore common nail issues, how dermatologists can help, and tips for maintaining healthy nails.

Common causes of nail issues

Fungal infections (onychomycosis): One of the most frequent nail problems is fungal infections, which can make nails discolored, thick, and more likely to crack and break. These infections are caused by various fungal organisms, with the most common being dermatophyte.

Psoriasis: Nail psoriasis often appears as pitting, abnormal nail growth, and discoloration. It may also cause the nail to separate from the nail bed.

Ingrown toenails: This painful condition occurs when the nail grows into the toe skin. It can cause pain, redness, and swelling, often due to improper nail trimming or tight footwear.

Brittle nails: Brittle nails break or split easily. This can be due to aging, long-term use of nail polish, or exposure to moist conditions.

Onycholysis: This refers to the separation of the nail from the nail bed. It can be caused by injury, infection, or systemic conditions like thyroid disease.

When to see a dermatologist for nail issues

In general, anytime a nail changes colour, shape or becomes thicker or thinner, it’s a good idea to seek treatment. While these symptoms might not indicate something serious, they can sometimes be signs of a more urgent issue, such as an infection or melanoma. 

Below is a list of symptoms to look out for: 

Persistent Changes in Nail Color

If you notice significant changes in the color of your nails, such as dark streaks, white streaks, or changes in nail bed color, it’s essential to consult a dermatologist. These changes could be signs of melanoma or other serious conditions.

Changes in Nail Shape or Thickness

If your nails become unusually thick, distorted, or change shape, it might indicate a fungal infection or another underlying condition that requires professional attention. Fungal infections left untreated can spread to other toes or other people. 

Pain and Swelling

Any pain, swelling, or redness around the nails should be evaluated by a dermatologist, especially if it doesn’t improve or worsens. These symptoms could be signs of infection or ingrown nails that might need medical treatment.

Nails Separating from the Nail Bed

Known as onycholysis, this condition can occur due to trauma, infection, or systemic issues like thyroid disease. A dermatologist can determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Signs of infection: Symptoms like pus, significant pain, swelling, the area feeling hot, or red streaks coming from the nail area are urgent signs of infection. These require immediate medical intervention to prevent the spread of infection.

Nail problems accompanied by other symptoms: If nail issues are accompanied by other symptoms like joint pain, skin rashes, or hair loss, this could indicate a systemic or autoimmune disease. A dermatologist can conduct a thorough evaluation to diagnose any related conditions.

Brittle or cracked nails that don’t improve: If your nails are persistently brittle or cracked and do not improve despite home care, this could indicate an underlying health issue. A dermatologist can help identify the cause and recommend treatments to strengthen your nails.

Seeing a dermatologist for these issues ensures that you receive a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can prevent complications, making it crucial to seek help when these signs appear.

How dermatologists can help with nail issues

Conditions like psoriasis can affect your nails, causing them to discolour, develop pits or dents, and even separate from the nail bed. In some circumstances, this can result in intense discomfort, making walking or using your hands as usual hard.

Fungal infections in your nails may also require care from a dermatologist if they don’t improve with over-the-counter (OTC) treatments or if your nail has become brittle, soft, or crumbly.

If you find yourself experiencing any of these symptoms, a dermatologist can diagnose your nail issue and provide the appropriate treatment to address it. For nail infections, this may include an oral antifungal prescription such as terbinafine or itraconazole, while nail psoriasis may be addressed with corticosteroids, lasers, or prescription topicals such as tazarotene or calcipotriol. 

Tips for healthy nails

Maintaining healthy nails is not just about aesthetics; it’s about hygiene and overall health. Here are some tips recommended by dermatologists:

Keep nails clean and dry: This prevents bacteria from growing under your nails. Prolonged exposure to water can contribute to split nails.

Trim nails regularly: Proper nail trimming is essential in preventing issues such as hangnails and ingrown toenails. Trim nails straight across and smooth the edges with a file.

Use moisturizer: When you use hand lotion, rub the lotion into your fingernails and cuticles, too. Moisturizers are essential for keeping nails from becoming brittle.

Limit nail polish use: Frequent use of nail polish can make nails brittle. It’s healthy to give your nails a break from polish periodically.

Wear protective gloves: When doing chores that involve harsh chemicals or prolonged exposure to water, wearing gloves can protect your nails from damage.

You can keep your nails healthy by understanding common nail problems and knowing how to treat and prevent them. Consulting a dermatologist is the best course of action if you encounter persistent nail issues. They can provide specialized care and treatments tailored to your specific needs, helping you maintain both the health and beauty of your nails.

Connecting with a dermatologist

Getting an appointment with a dermatologist in person can take a while. Appointments require a referral from your healthcare provider, and if you’re among the one in five Canadians without a family doctor, this could result in long wait times at the walk-in clinic. On top of that, getting a referral doesn’t guarantee a timely appointment. The average wait time to see a dermatologist for a non-urgent skin concern in Canada is between six to 18 months, depending on where you live and what your reason for referral is.

With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can get a diagnosis and personalized treatment plan from a Canadian-licensed dermatologist without a referral. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Nail Issues: Causes, Treatment, and Tips appeared first on Maple.

In this blog, we’ll explore the causes of hair loss, types of hair loss, and what to look for when seeking professional dermatological help. Understanding when to consult a dermatologist for hair loss is vital, and our articles will outline what to expect from these consultations.

What causes hair loss?

Hair loss can result from numerous factors:

• Genetics: The most common cause, especially in cases of male or female pattern baldness, is hereditary.
• Hormonal changes: Conditions like pregnancy, thyroid disorders, and menopause can trigger hair loss.
• Medical conditions: Scalp infections, diseases like lupus, and trichotillomania (a hair-pulling disorder) are known contributors.
• Medications and supplements: Hair loss can be a side effect of drugs used for cancer, arthritis, depression, heart problems, and high blood pressure. It can be dangerous to suddenly stop some medications, so it’s important to speak to the prescribing provider before stopping any medications. 
• Stressful events: Major stress, both physical and emotional, can lead to temporary hair loss.

Types of hair loss

Hair loss can follow certain patterns depending on the condition you’re experiencing. 

Male pattern baldness: Male pattern baldness, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is the most common type of hair loss in men but can affect females too. It typically follows a pattern of receding hairline and hair thinning on the crown and is caused by genetic and hormonal factors. The hair loss is associated with the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which causes hair follicles to shrink and eventually cease producing hair.

Female pattern baldness: Female pattern baldness, also known as androgenetic alopecia in women, is characterized by hair thinning predominantly over the top and crown of the scalp. Unlike men, the frontal hairline might not necessarily recede. This condition is influenced by hormones and genetic predisposition.

Alopecia areata: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that usually results in unpredictable, patchy hair loss. In alopecia areata, the body’s immune system attacks healthy hair follicles, causing them to become smaller and drastically slow down production, leading to sudden hair loss.

Telogen effluvium: Telogen effluvium is a form of temporary hair loss that usually happens after stress, a pregnancy, shock, or a traumatic event. It typically involves an abrupt onset of hair shedding usually seen several months after a triggering event. It occurs when more hairs than normal enter the shedding (telogen) phase of the hair growth lifecycle. Hair typically grows back after several months once the stressful trigger is removed.

Alopecia Universalis: Alopecia Universalis is characterized by the complete loss of hair on the scalp and body. It is an advanced but rare form of alopecia areata, which involves a total loss of body hair, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic hair. This condition is also believed to be an autoimmune disorder.

When to see a dermatologist

Identifying hair loss early is crucial for effective treatment. Signs that warrant a visit to a dermatologist include:

• Sudden loss of large amounts of hair.
• Patchy hair loss.
• Scalp pain, itching, or scaling.

During a visit, dermatologists will more likely do the “hair pull” test for anyone presenting with hair loss; pulling out more than 6 hairs can indicate an active hair loss condition like alopecia areata for example. .

During a dermatologist visit for hair loss, expect a physical exam, discussion of medical history, and possibly a scalp biopsy. Understanding what to expect can ease anxiety and prepare you for the consultation. Virtual visits on Maple will have you sending files or images to a dermatologist on our platform, who will assess your needs and determine if virtual care is appropriate. 

How dermatologists can help with hair loss

While dermatologists are skin experts, their expertise also extends to hair issues. If you’re looking to regrow lost hair, or simply trying to slow your rate of hair loss, a dermatologist can provide a few different treatment options.

Hair loss treatment options include topicals, injectables, and oral treatments in addition to surgical procedures like hair transplants. Generally, the first line of defence often involves prescription hair loss medication like finasteride. This medication decreases dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in your body, which can increase hair growth and slow hair loss.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments are another alternative. This involves drawing blood from your arm to isolate growth factor-releasing blood cells called platelets that encourage the growth of existing hair. Once this is complete, your dermatologist numbs the thinning spots on your scalp and injects the concentration with fine needles to stimulate hair growth.

Intralesional corticosteroid injections into the scalp may also stimulate hair growth — though they’re most useful for patchy, stable hair loss. 

Thinning hair and baldness aren’t the only hair-related concerns a dermatologist can address. Your dermatologist can also help you develop a plan for seasonal hair loss since it’s common for hair to shed when the temperatures change. This may focus on clinical interventions and include diet changes and adjustments to your hair styling routine.

In fact, combining your dermatologist’s clinical knowledge with some simple hair and skin tips can help you adapt your skin and hair care routine to the coldest season, helping to prevent common winter skin issues.

Connecting with a dermatologist

Primary care providers may refer to dermatologists if they are unsure about diagnoses or if more specialized treatments and maintenance are required. 

Getting an appointment with a dermatologist in person can take a while. Appointments require a referral from your healthcare provider, and if you’re among the one in five Canadians without a family doctor, this could result in long wait times at the walk-in clinic. On top of that, getting a referral doesn’t guarantee a timely appointment. The average wait time to see a dermatologist for a non-urgent skin concern in Canada is between 6 to 18 months, depending on where you live and what your reason for the referral is.

With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can get a diagnosis and personalized treatment plan from a Canadian-licensed dermatologist without a referral in less than 24 hours. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Hair Loss: Causes, Types, and Treatment appeared first on Maple.

In this blog, we’ll provide some background on rashes and hives, their types, causes, and when it might be necessary to consult with a dermatologist.

What are rashes and hives?

It’s a good idea to seek medical advice if you’re dealing with a rash. Rashes and hives are your body’s alarm bells, signalling an environmental sensitivity, a disorder, a disease, or simply dry or irritated skin. 

Hives, also called wheals, welts, or urticaria, are a type of rash that can crop up due to trauma to the skin, like scratching or from a viral infection. Histamine gets released causing the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) to leak fluid into the skin causing these raised welts. While hives aren’t contagious, it’s best to avoid touching them as you may further irritate the skin.

Allergic reactions to food, medicine, or environmental irritants can also manifest in hives. A number of well-known allergic triggers can cause you to develop hives such as:

• Pollen
• Certain foods or alcohol and food additives
• Bug bites and stings
• Certain medications 
• Infection
• Latex
• Blood products 
• Animal dander

What are the common symptoms of skin rashes and hives?

Skin rashes encompass a broad category of abnormalities that can manifest as swollen, red, itchy, or blistered skin. Hives, or urticaria, are a specific type of rash characterized by raised, red, or skin-colored welts that are often very itchy and can also feel like burning or stinging. 

Both rashes and hives can be acute or chronic, localized to one area, or widespread across the body. They are common indicators of allergic reactions, irritations, or even systemic conditions.

Common symptoms of rashes include: 

• Redness or discoloration
• Itchy skin
• Swelling
• Blisters or welts
• Dry, scaly texture

What are the common types of skin rashes and hives?

Understanding the various types of rashes and hives can help in identifying them and deciding the best course of action.

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): A chronic condition featuring dry, itchy skin that can flake or become inflamed and red. Eczema often appears on the elbows, knees, and neck but can occur anywhere on the body.

Contact Dermatitis: This rash occurs when skin comes into contact with an allergen (like poison ivy or latex) or an irritant (such as chemicals in cleaning products). Symptoms include redness, itching, and sometimes blistering.

Psoriasis: A chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the rapid buildup of skin cells, resulting in thick, scaly patches or red, inflamed areas that can be itchy and painful.

Hives (Urticaria): Hives are a reaction that causes red or skin-colored welts on the skin. They are typically very itchy and can appear suddenly due to allergies, stress, or for unknown reasons.

Heat Rash (Miliaria): Overheating can stop your body from expelling sweat properly, trapping it in your skin. With nowhere else to go, this sweat can spread under the surrounding skin, triggering an itchy, inflamed rash known as prickly heat or heat rash. Because of its relationship with heat, many develop this skin rash during summer. It often appears as small, raised, red or skin-coloured bumps, or as clear, fluid-filled bumps.

How dermatologists treat rashes and hives

Below are some common treatments spanning common types of rashes and hives. They can be highly effective depending on the specific type and severity of the skin condition. Dermatologists will often combine several treatment approaches to achieve the best results while minimizing side effects.

Moisturizers and Creams

Moisturizers are foundational in treating many skin conditions, especially eczema, where they help hydrate the skin and repair the skin barrier. These are usually applied immediately after bathing to lock in moisture. For inflammatory conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis, dermatologists often prescribe topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Non-steroid options like calcineurin inhibitors are also used to modify the immune response and reduce flare-ups, particularly in sensitive areas where prolonged use of steroids may be harmful.

Compresses

Cool and wet compresses can provide significant relief from itching and discomfort associated with rashes, especially in cases of severe eczema, contact dermatitis, and hives. These compresses can be simple to prepare and use at home, helping to soothe the skin and temporarily reduce inflammation. If heat rashes, in particular, don’t seem to get better even after moving to a cooler environment and using compresses, it could be a sign of something else like an infection. If you suspect this, speak to a doctor right away to confirm the diagnosis.

Medications

Oral medications play a crucial role in managing severe or chronic conditions. Antihistamines are commonly used to treat hives by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a major factor in itching and swelling. For more systemic conditions like severe psoriasis or persistent eczema, systemic medications such as methotrexate or biologic drugs target specific parts of the immune system to prevent the rapid growth of skin cells or to curb severe inflammation. These treatments are typically reserved for cases where topical treatments are not sufficient.

Light Therapy

For certain types of psoriasis, light therapy (phototherapy) is an effective treatment option. This involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision to help control scaling and inflammation. It’s particularly useful for patients who do not respond adequately to topical treatments or who experience widespread psoriasis.

Connecting with a dermatologist

If over-the-counter remedies haven’t worked, antibiotics or prescription options are available through primary care providers. Primary care providers may refer to dermatologists if they are unsure about diagnoses or if more specialized treatments and maintenance are required. 

If you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians without a family doctor, getting referred to a dermatologist could mean long wait times at the walk-in clinic. 
. On top of that, getting a referral doesn’t guarantee a timely appointment. The average wait time to see a dermatologist for a non-urgent skin concern in Canada is between six to 18 months, depending on where you live and what your reason for referral is.

With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can book an appointment with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist appointment directly without a referral. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually. 

There are some circumstances when an in-person dermatology visit is needed. Tell us about your skin concerns and see if virtual dermatology is right for you.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post Rashes and Hives: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment appeared first on Maple.

This blog will explain triggers, symptoms, and the potential treatment options available through professional dermatological care. 

What is psoriasis?

While research continues to unfold the exact cause of psoriasis, it is believed to have a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. In the case of psoriasis, this immune misfire speeds up the skin cell growth process. Normally, skin cells grow and shed over a month. However, in psoriasis, this cycle is drastically accelerated to just a few days, causing cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin.

These changes result in the most common form of psoriasis, known as plaque psoriasis, which appears as raised, red to violet-patches that are often covered with a silvery-white buildup of dead skin cells or scale. These patches or plaques can be itchy and painful and crack and bleed. While psoriasis can occur on any part of the body, it’s most commonly found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.

Like eczema, psoriasis tends to be exacerbated by winter. This is partially due to cold, dry air and reduced exposure to vitamin D-rich sunlight, which can help reduce the skin growth psoriasis causes.

Symptoms of psoriasis

Psoriasis symptoms can vary depending on the type of psoriasis and the severity of the outbreak. Common signs include:

• Plaques of red to violet skin, often covered with loose, silver-colored scales; these lesions may be itchy and painful and sometimes crack and bleed.
• Disorder in nail growth such as pitting, discoloration, thickening, or detachment from the nail bed.
• Scalp psoriasis can appear as a single patch or can cover the entire scalp.
• Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling can indicate psoriatic arthritis, a related condition affecting up to 30% of individuals with psoriasis.

These symptoms can be permanent or come and go in cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time, or even going into complete remission. During remission, symptoms may be minimal or absent, but during flare-ups, they can be intense and disabling, emphasizing the chronic, unpredictable nature of the disease.

Causes of psoriasis

Stress: Psychological stress is a well-known trigger that can cause the immune system to react and exacerbate psoriasis symptoms. Stress management techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help manage this trigger.

Skin injuries: Known as the Koebner phenomenon, this trigger involves psoriasis plaques forming at sites of skin injury, including cuts, bruises, and sunburns. Protecting the skin by wearing appropriate clothing and using sunscreen can help minimize this risk.

Medications: Certain medications, including beta-blockers (sometimes used for treating high blood pressure), lithium (a mood stabilizer), and antimalarial drugs, have been known to trigger or worsen psoriasis. It’s important for patients to discuss their medication use with their healthcare provider, who may be able to suggest alternatives.

Infection: Upper respiratory infections caused by viruses or bacteria like Streptococcal infections, can trigger psoriasis up to 2 to 6 weeks after the infection in children and young adults. Maintaining good hygiene and treating infections promptly can help manage this trigger.

Weather: Cold, dry weather can worsen symptoms by drying out the skin, which irritates the skin and makes it more susceptible to psoriasis. Conversely, (providing you avoid sunburns with sunscreen) warm, sunny climates can alleviate symptoms due to the natural sunlight’s beneficial effects on slowing skin cell turnover. Using humidifiers and applying moisturizers regularly can help mitigate the effects of dry weather.

Diet: While no specific diet is recommended for all psoriasis patients, certain foods may trigger flare-ups in some individuals. Commonly reported culprits include gluten (for celiac or gluten sensitivities), sugars, alcohol, tomatoes, and dairy. Being overweight has been linked to developing increased severity of psoriasis. Keeping a food diary or working with a dietitian can help identify and eliminate foods that worsen or trigger symptoms.

How to treat psoriasis

While moisturizing and soothing baths can help ease symptoms at home, psoriasis has no cure and can vary in severity. 

As a result, psoriasis can significantly impact your quality of life. For individuals battling psoriasis, a variety of treatments are available, each targeting different aspects of the disease mechanism. Overall goals of psoriasis treatments are to slow down and better regulate the skin cell turnover and reduce the associated inflammation. Treatment options can be used individually or in combination.

Treatment options include: 

• Emollients and steroid-based creams: Moisturizing treatments soothe and hydrate the skin, reducing scaling and dryness, while steroid-based creams reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and block the overproduction of skin cells.
• Topicals like activated vitamin D, tar, vitamin A derivatives, and more: Unlike dietary vitamin D, topical forms directly help modulate the skin’s immune response and cell turnover. Vitamin A helps normalize skin cell growth and can be used for scaling and plaque mitigation. Coal tar, one of the oldest psoriasis treatments, reduces scaling, itching, and inflammation. 
• Oral prescriptions: Retinoids, immune modulators like methotrexate, inflammatory reducing medicines like phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme inhibitors, immune system suppressants like cyclosporin
• Phototherapy: This treatment involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision. Regular sessions can significantly improve symptoms by slowing down the excessive skin cell growth that characterizes psoriasis.
• Injectable biologics: Biologics are advanced medications that target specific parts of the immune system. These drugs are used for moderate to severe psoriasis that hasn’t responded to other treatments. They can be highly effective but require careful monitoring for side effects.
• A rheumatology referral: For psoriatic arthritis, a common comorbidity of psoriasis, a referral to a rheumatologist may be necessary. This specialist can offer treatments that reduce joint pain and prevent joint damage.

What are the differences between eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis?

Eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis are all chronic skin conditions, each with distinctive features and triggers.

Eczema typically presents as patches of dry, itchy skin that may become inflamed or infected due to scratching. It’s often associated with other allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever and can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens, or stress. 

Rosacea, on the other hand, primarily affects the face and is characterized by redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels, sometimes accompanied by acne-like bumps. It can be provoked by factors like heat, spicy foods, or alcohol.

Psoriasis is marked by thick, red patches covered by silvery scales, often found on the scalp, elbows, and knees. It’s an autoimmune condition, meaning it results from the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy skin cells, leading to rapid cell turnover.

Getting treatment for psoriasis

If over-the-counter remedies haven’t worked, prescription options are available through primary care providers. Primary care providers may refer to dermatologists if they are unsure about diagnoses or if more specialized treatments and maintenance are required. However, if you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians without a family doctor, you can use Maple to book an appointment with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist directly without a referral.

Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually. 

While living with psoriasis can be challenging, understanding the condition and working closely with qualified healthcare providers to manage it can significantly improve the quality of life. 

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What is Psoriasis? Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Medications appeared first on Maple.

Understanding eczema’s symptoms, triggers, and treatment options is crucial for improving the quality of life for those experiencing it. In this blog, we’ll explore the different types of eczema, challenges, and management strategies.

We’ll also delve into dermatologists’ role in effectively managing this often distressing ailment, examining both traditional treatments and innovative therapies that offer new hope to sufferers.

What is eczema?

Eczema encompasses a range of persistent skin conditions, including symptoms like dryness, itching, and red, inflamed patches that can disrupt daily life and comfort. Predominantly appearing during childhood, eczema can also continue into or start in adulthood, affecting both personal well-being and self-confidence.

There remains some debate between the exact cause of eczema, if it’s due to a dysfunctional skin barrier or immune dysregulation. Regardless, healthy skin needs moisture. In individuals with eczema, the skin does not hold moisture properly. This leaky skin ends up with more water loss and an impaired ability to protect against harmful substances.

What are the differences between eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis?

Eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis are all chronic skin conditions, each with distinctive features and triggers.

Eczema typically presents as patches of dry, itchy skin that may become inflamed or infected due to scratching. It’s often associated with other allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever and can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens, or stress. 

Rosacea, on the other hand, primarily affects the face and is characterized by redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels, sometimes accompanied by acne-like bumps. It can be provoked by factors like heat, spicy foods, or alcohol.

Psoriasis is marked by thick, red patches covered by silvery scales, often found on the scalp, elbows, and knees. It’s an autoimmune condition, meaning it results from the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy skin cells, leading to rapid cell turnover. 

What are the different types of eczema? 

Immune system dysfunction or a dysfunctional skin barrier and factors like certain personal care products, stress, scratching, and rough fabrics combine to cause eczema symptoms. Winter weather can also contribute as dry air can further leech moisture from your skin. Combined with hot showers and the multiple layers the cold brings, winter is harsh on eczema skin.

Altogether, there are many different kinds of eczema, each one triggered by different factors. The most common types include:

1. Atopic dermatitis: the most common type, often called the ‘itch that rashes’. It can start suddenly with very itchy skin, with dry and scaly areas. Itching causes a red rash leaving the skin looking raw. Flare-ups come and go, and over time, the skin can become thickened, scaly, leathery, and cracked. 
2. Contact dermatitis: one of the most common forms of eczema, this version of the disorder occurs after contact with something that irritates the skin or causes an allergic reaction. Such things can include poison ivy, jewelry, personal hygiene products, harsh soaps, or cleaning products. After exposure, skin may become red, itchy, and swollen. It may also discolour, become dry, crack, or even blister.
3. Dyshidrotic eczema: itchy blisters resembling tapioca pudding are the telltale sign of this form of eczema. The condition most often affects the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, although it may also be present on the legs and forearms. Its underlying cause isn’t known although certain factors such as allergen exposure, severe sweating, and UV radiation may play a role.
4. Neurodermatitis: this version of eczema manifests as intensely itchy skin. As this area is scratched, it becomes itchier leading to what is known as the itch-scratch-itch cycle. This chronic scratching, in turn, can cause pain, hair loss, or damage (when on the scalp), and result in dark, thickened areas on the skin known as lichenified plaques.
5. Nummular dermatitis: although the exact cause of this condition which results in itchy, coin-shaped lesions isn’t known, it’s highly responsive to treatment.
6. Seborrheic eczema: this skin condition manifests as scaly or crusty patches on the scalp or other areas containing numerous oil glands, such as the face or in the folds of the body. Seborrheic eczema tends to appear most commonly in the middle-aged and newborns, where it’s sometimes known as cradle cap.
7. Stasis dermatitis: the result of poor blood circulation in the veins of the legs, known as venous insufficiency which causes fluid to pool, resulting in swelling in your lower extremities. The outcome of this is dry, itchy skin that may discolour. In more severe cases rough skin and sores may develop.

How to treat eczema

If you have eczema, there are three main steps in treating it. 

1. Bathe in lukewarm (not hot) water, and lock in that moisture right after. Moisturizing twice a day as well as after washing when your skin is most hydrated. Since eczematous and sensitive skin may lack natural ceramides, barrier-repair moisturizers that contain lipids like ceramide can help to protect it. 
2. Reduce the inflammation. 
3. Avoid triggers that cause your flare-ups.

However, many find that despite incorporating thick moisturizers, they need additional support. A dermatologist can provide alternatives such as:

UV light therapy: This treatment uses ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation and bacterial growth on the skin, which can significantly alleviate eczema symptoms.

Medicated creams: Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and immune responses. Calcineurin inhibitors, another type of topical medication, work by modulating the immune system to decrease inflammation without the side effects associated with steroids.

Antibiotics: If eczema leads to cracked skin, it can become infected. In such cases, oral or topical antibiotics are necessary to combat these infections and prevent worsening of the symptoms.

Oral anti-inflammatory medication: These medications help reduce inflammation from within and can be particularly useful in severe cases.

Injectable biologics: For severe eczema, biologic drugs like Dupilumab, which are monoclonal antibodies, target specific parts of the immune system that contribute to inflammation. This treatment is often used when other therapies have failed.

Talking to a dermatologist

Through diligent home care and advanced medical treatments, individuals suffering from eczema can find relief and improve their quality of life. Each case of eczema is unique, and treatments must be tailored to the individual’s specific condition and needs.

Dermatologists can evaluate the severity of the condition, discuss lifestyle factors that may influence flare-ups, and recommend a combination of topical treatments, systemic therapies, and lifestyle modifications. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist can help to adjust treatments as the condition evolves, ensuring that management strategies remain effective over time.

You can speak to your family doctor to get a referral to a dermatologist. However, if you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians without a primary care provider, Maple provides direct access to a dermatologist through the app. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What is Eczema and How Do You Treat it? appeared first on Maple.

According to the Canadian Dermatology Association, rosacea typically appears between the ages of 30 and 50 but can also affect individuals outside this age range. Beyond mere cosmetic concerns, there are many ways rosacea can impact daily life. For example, ocular rosacea, characterized by soreness and a burning sensation in the eyes, may complicate everyday tasks like reading or driving.

This article will explore the symptoms, identify common triggers, and discuss effective treatments to manage this condition.

What is rosacea?

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes redness and flushing in the skin. Because it can also cause small, pus-filled bumps on the face, it’s sometimes confused with acne. Although rosacea can’t be cured permanently, its symptoms can be managed.

Despite this superficial similarity, rosacea and acne are quite different. Rosacea often affects the central parts of the face, like the cheeks and nose, and can accompany symptoms like eye irritation and a burning sensation on the skin. On the other hand, acne can occur in various parts of the body, including the face, back, and shoulders.

What are the differences between eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis?

Eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis are all chronic skin conditions, each with distinctive features and triggers.

Eczema typically presents as patches of dry, itchy skin that may become inflamed or infected due to scratching. It’s often associated with other allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever and can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens, or stress.

Rosacea, on the other hand, primarily affects the face and is characterized by redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels, sometimes accompanied by acne-like bumps. It can be provoked by factors like heat, spicy foods, or alcohol.

Psoriasis is marked by thick, red patches covered by silvery scales, often found on the scalp, elbows, and knees. It’s an autoimmune condition, meaning it results from the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy skin cells, leading to rapid cell turnover.

Each condition requires a different treatment approach, emphasizing the importance of correct diagnosis by a healthcare professional.

What are common types of rosacea? 

Vascular rosacea: The most common form of the condition, vascular rosacea is characterized by redness and flushing in the face and visible blood vessels, especially around the nose.

Inflammatory rosacea: This type includes papules, pustules and redness and swelling.

Phymatous rosacea: Perhaps the most recognizable form of rosacea, phymatous rosacea involves a thickening of the skin and an increase in the size of the nose.

Ocular rosacea: Presents with or without skin symptoms, this type of rosacea results in redness and irritation in the eyes and swelling of the eyelids.

What causes rosacea?

Rosacea’s causes are multi-pronged and not fully understood. Theories have evolved and the research continues. It’s thought that the main contributors for causing rosacea include:

1. Genetics.
2. Immune system defects.
3. Nervous system defects.
4. Facial blood vessel defects.
5. Microbes and skin mites (Demodex mites).

While science can’t fully explain why, it’s becoming increasingly clear that what happens in your gut can affect the appearance of your skin. Changes in your balance of gut flora have a knock-on effect and can disrupt the mucosal lining of your intestines, resulting in a more permeable gut.

Essentially, this means that microscopic particles that would otherwise be flushed out of your system pass through your intestinal walls instead and into your circulatory system. Your body identifies these tiny particles as pathogenic, triggering your immune system to activate, causing inflammation.

This misdirected and chronic inflammation can lead to skin concerns, like acne and rosacea.

Additionally, because rosacea skin is so sensitive, a number of things can contribute to flare-ups. As a result, you’ll likely need to modify your skincare routine if you have rosacea, as certain ingredients like salicylic acid can cause flare-ups.

First and foremost, be gentle on your skin. Avoid using harsh or drying products that contain alcohol, abrasives, or fragrances, and lower your water temperature. Hot water can dry skin out more than temperate water, and heat can also trigger rosacea. That means you’ll want to bathe, shower, and wash your face in warm water instead of hot water. While there’s no recommended temperature, if the water’s heat makes you flush or reddens your skin, it’s likely too hot.

Avoiding or limiting exposures that cause your skin to flush can help to reduce flare-ups. Some common flushing triggers include:

• Temperature extremes
• Spicy foods and alcohol
• Stress. To help manage your stress, prioritize getting enough sleep, regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and relaxation techniques like breathwork or meditation.
• Menopausal hot flashes
• Some medications: Beta-blockers and niacin are examples of medications that can potentially trigger rosacea
• Intense exercise: to minimize this, break up longer workouts into shorter segments and exercise outside on cooler days or inside in air conditioning during hot weather
• Sunlight may also precipitate the condition, so apply a good quality mineral sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily and wear a hat when the UV index is 3 or higher.

Are there any treatments for rosacea?

Treating rosacea involves more than simply avoiding potential triggers. A dermatologist can prescribe both topical and oral medications to help control symptoms, usually improving symptoms within a few weeks.

Primary care providers may refer to dermatologists if they are unsure about diagnoses or if more specialized treatments and maintenance are required.

If you want a personalized treatment plan, you can book an appointment with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist directly on Maple without a referral.  Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually.

Dermatologists can provide laser treatment using light energy to collapse visible blood vessels and reduce redness. Side effects can include scarring and burns; however, you’re unlikely to experience anything beyond temporary redness and swelling with an experienced dermatologist. This form of treatment is done in a clinic, although, given the specialized equipment needed, it’s not done by every dermatologist.

If your rosacea is coupled with digestive issues and you think your gut microbiome may be to blame, you may want to consider modifying your diet to incorporate probiotics, prebiotics and fermented food. If you’re not quite sure how to go about this, seeing a naturopathic doctor can help rebalance your inner microbiome and help you work towards reducing your rosacea symptoms. You can ask a dietitian or naturopathic doctor about the best types of probiotics and prebiotics for your condition and how soon you might expect to see results from dietary adjustments.

Seeing a dietitian can also help you identify and remove any potentially triggering foods while ensuring that your nutritional needs are being met. Dietitians can also recommend anti-inflammatory foods or supplements that can help manage rosacea.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What Causes Rosacea? Treatments, Medications and More appeared first on Maple.

However, many factors can impact the course of treatment you choose and how you work with a dermatologist. In this article, we’ll explore what acne is, what causes it, and how dermatologists can help alleviate acne problems.

What is acne?

Acne is the skin condition dermatologists see most, but there’s a difference between acne and an occasional pimple. While there’s no universal grading system for acne, The Canadian Dermatology Association categorizes the condition into three stages of acne for the general public — mild, moderate, and severe.

In order to determine the best course of treatment, a clinician may classify acne according to the number and type of lesions as well as their severity, where on your body they appear, if they’re accompanied by scarring, and if it’s impacting your overall quality of life.

Types of lesions can include:

• Open comedones (blackheads)
• Closed comedones (whiteheads)
• Papules (small, raised, red bumps that aren’t filled with pus)
• Pustules (inflamed, red, pus-filled bumps)
• Nodules, which are firmer bumps in the deeper layers of your skin. These can be painful and often don’t come to a head, resulting in scarring if you pick or squeeze them.
• Cystic acne, which are more painful, pus-filled bumps in the deeper layers of your skin. Picking or squeezing them may also lead to scarring.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis, your provider will also want to rule out other conditions that present with similar symptoms such as rosacea, dermatitis, folliculitis, or acneiform eruptions, to name a few. Moreover, they’ll be on the lookout for signs of complications such as psychosocial effects, gram negative folliculitis, acne fulminans, or solid facial edema to help guide treatment options.

What causes acne?

Acne often starts around puberty. Yet, while it may appear around age 13, it can emerge in children as young as 10. Contributing factors include stress, genetics, certain hair and makeup products, some medications, and improper skincare routines. However, the biggest reason teenagers tend to get acne is hormones.

Adults get acne for many of the same reasons as teenagers. Women, especially, may experience it as their hormone levels fluctuate around certain points in their menstrual cycle. Menopause and conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) also cause hormonal fluctuations, which can contribute to acne. However, men aren’t immune either, as elevated testosterone levels can cause acne formation.

Because of acne’s link to hormonal levels, transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormonal treatment with estradiol or testosterone are also more likely to experience it. As a result, acne may be a side-effect of both feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) or masculinizing hormone therapy (MHT). In fact, one study found that between 6-31% of patients receiving MHT developed acne.

Home treatments for acne

Many develop a skincare routine to deal with their acne. However, without clinical input, this can sometimes result in habits that make your acne worse.

One of the worst offences is squeezing your pimples. While it may feel helpful, this often leads to scarring. Moreover, it can spread the infection into your surrounding pores, worsening the problem.

Beyond picking at acne, some ways you can compromise your skin health including:

• Using the wrong skincare and makeup products such as oil-based or ones containing parabens or lanolin. Instead, reach for oil-free or products labelled non-comedogenic or non-acnegenic.
• Overwashing and over-scrubbing your skin. Acne does not mean you have dirty skin. You do not need to wash it more than once or twice a day with a gentle cleanser, even if you have oily skin.
• Not cleaning your makeup brushes regularly. Makeup applicators can harbour bacteria. Using a gentle soap, give your makeup brushes a clean and allow them to dry fully before reusing them.
• Sleeping on a dirty pillowcase. Your bedsheets and pillowcases absorb oil and hold onto dirt, remember to wash your bedding regularly.
• Stressing out. Stress can impact your hormone levels, and indirectly worsen your acne. Practice healthy stress-relieving activities like yoga, journalling, or meditation.

While diet remains an identified gap in current research, many also find that their diet can worsen acne, such as eating high-sugar foods, greasy foods, and too much dairy. Emerging data suggests this may be true as high glycemic index foods like simple carbohydrates may be associated with acne. Limited evidence suggests that dairy may influence acne as well, particularly skim milk consumption.

Moreover, seasonal shifts can contribute as hot, humid weather paired with sweat can worsen acne. Alternatively, colder, dryer temperatures may cause your skin to produce more sebum, its natural oil. As a result, certain individuals may find their acne flares up in the summer, while others experience worse acne during the winter months.

How to treat acne

Acne treatment depends partially on your skin type—oily, dry, normal, or combination. Since stress and hormones can play a role, addressing these by:

1. Getting enough sleep
2. Drinking lots of water may help.
3. Exercising regularly (at least 150 minutes per week) and minimizing sedentary behaviour can help manage stress and regulate hormone levels

Beyond those, a proper skincare routine, including a cleanser, toner, and acne medication if needed, is key. For many, this may also include serums, as evidence shows that salicylic acid and vitamin C can help with acne, especially in milder cases.

However, one of the most effective ways to treat acne is by seeing a dermatologist. In addition to developing an appropriate skincare routine, dermatologists can prescribe topical or oral medications or hormonal agents such as the birth control pill to help control acne and treat or prevent complications from severe acne.

Which medications help acne?

Many women turn to oral birth control as a treatment for their acne. The combination pill contains the hormones progesterone and estrogen, which can help to reduce your body’s androgen levels — the hormone responsible for making your skin oily.

The combination pill can be a great way of preventing both acne and pregnancy, but it’s not for everyone. If you’re over 35 and smoke, or if you have a history of stroke or blood clots, for example, your provider may suggest another alternative. Likewise, if you were assigned male at birth, the birth control pill isn’t appropriate for treating acne.

While not all birth control pills have been approved to treat acne, a review of 30+ studies found that all combination pills were effective at reducing acne without much difference between brands. However, it’s important to note that this effect doesn’t extend to the progesterone-only pill, also known as “the mini pill.” Its lack of estrogen means it’s not effective for treating acne.

If your provider doesn’t recommend you take the combination pill, you have other options, including benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics like tetracycline or doxycycline, or a combination of therapies. These medications slow the growth of acne-causing bacteria on your skin’s surface while addressing inflammation.

Alternatively, you may be prescribed an oral acne medication such as isotretinoin. This medication works by reducing the size of the oil glands on your face, which decreases the amount of sebum they produce. At the same time, it functions as an anti-inflammatory and increases cell turnover, reducing pore clogging.

How to find a dermatologist

Appointments require a referral from a primary care provider. However, if you’re among the 6.5 million Canadians without a family doctor, this could result in long wait times at the walk-in clinic.

The average wait time to see a dermatologist in Canada is between six to 18 months, depending on where you live.

With Maple, Canada’s leading virtual care platform, you can book a  Canadian-licensed dermatologist appointment directly without a referral. Dermatologists on Maple are the same specialists you’d see in person, but they also practice outside of their own clinic hours to see patients virtually.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

The post What Causes Acne? Treatments, Medications and More appeared first on Maple.

Lots of us have learned to anticipate these challenges each season. But there’s one seasonal change that affects both men and women that’s not often discussed — seasonal hair loss. It’s most common in the summer and fall months, and with a little attention, it’s possible to minimize your seasonal shedding each year.

If you’re wondering what you can do to help prevent hair loss, we can help. Maple’s a virtual care platform that connects you with Canadian-licensed doctors and specialists from your phone, tablet, or computer. You can speak to a dermatologist within hours about any scalp concerns you may have. Dermatologists can diagnose hair conditions like hair loss and prescribe the appropriate medication, if deemed necessary.

What’s hair loss?

Alopecia (hair loss) occurs when the hair is thinning or falling out. It can be temporary or permanent and isn’t restricted to one gender. Androgenetic alopecia, known in men as male pattern baldness, happens in about 50% of Canadian men by age 70.
Female pattern baldness occurs in 40% of women by age 50. And while there’s nothing to be embarrassed about, many Canadians fear developing confidence issues if they experienced this — 59.1% of women and 40.9% of men said baldness would affect their overall confidence.

While there are many types of hair loss, these are the most common:

Androgenetic alopecia

As mentioned above, this is also known as male or female pattern baldness. In males, the condition commonly affects the hairline and crown, whereas thinning hair in women usually happens near the crown of the head.

Cicatricial alopecia (scarring alopecia)

This is permanent hair loss caused by the destruction of hair follicles. It’s usually a result of autoimmune disorders, infections, or chemicals, and the damage makes it difficult for hair to grow back, often resulting in indefinite areas of hair loss. Scarring alopecia may also cause pain or itching. Scarring alopecia doesn’t cause symptoms most of the time but may cause pain or itching. The main treatment goal is to prevent further hair loss.

Alopecia areata

An autoimmune condition that causes sudden, nonscarring hair loss from the scalp or other parts of the body as the immune system attacks hair follicles. This often results in smooth, round patches of hair loss from the entire scalp or body. While there’s no permanent damage to the follicle and most people see their hair regrow within one year, the condition can return.

Telogen effluvium

This occurs when the body sheds more hair than usual, typically during a stressful time. Hair loss is rapid, and events that can cause telogen effluvium include, but aren’t limited to, pregnancy, thyroid disorders, severe infections (such as hair loss caused by COVID-19), surgery, certain medications, and deficiency disorders.

How much hair loss is normal?

If a small amount of hair ends up in your brush when combing it daily, don’t worry. Hair loss is a natural daily occurrence for both men and women. Losing a few strands isn’t a sign you’re going bald. Adults who shed a normal amount lose between 50-100 hairs from their heads each day.

It’s part of the cycle of hair growth, which happens in phases. The stages are growth, rest, shedding, and replacement. When you shed more hair than you replace, you’ll start to notice patches of thin hair. Over time, a lack of new hair growth can leave bald areas on your head or body, known as androgenic alopecia, as mentioned above.

If you’re wondering whether or not baldness is your future, take a look at your family tree. Hereditary-patterned baldness is the most common form of baldness, caused by genetics and hormonal changes as you age.

What’s seasonal hair loss, and why does it happen?

Scientists and doctors are still looking for the root cause of seasonal hair loss. While people notice more hair loss in the summer and fall seasons, we don’t know exactly why it happens during those times of the year.

Researchers speculate that the trend is tied to human evolution. It once made sense for us to shed body hair to keep cool in warm weather. Back then, we had a lot more of it than we do today. Similarly, in the winter months, mammals like humans grow extra thick hair or fur to protect them from the elements.

That could be why we don’t see as much hair loss in the wintertime in the modern day. Additionally, lifestyle changes in the warmer months may cause hair loss, such as chlorine from swimming pools or too much sun exposure.

And while we’ve been plagued with myths like getting scalp massages and cutting your hair often helps it grow, there are actually some things you can do to help prevent hair loss — including treatments for hair loss you can do on your own. Here’s a rundown of the most popular methods to help prevent and treat hair loss.

Eat hair-friendly foods

One of the best at-home treatments for hair loss is eating foods high in protein and consuming foods with plenty of vitamins and minerals to help you grow healthy, strong hair. Hair follicles are the tube-shaped passages in the scalp and skin that your hair grows from. They’re made primarily of protein, which is also a key ingredient in producing healthy hair cells. Try introducing more eggs or fish into your diet to boost your body’s protein levels.

Crash diets and eating disorders can also contribute to hair loss, so it’s crucial for your hair — and your overall health — to consume enough calories, protein, and vitamins and minerals from food.

Up your vitamin intake

You may also have hair loss due to certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies. It’s important to know which ones are safe to supplement as some, like vitamin A or selenium, has proven to contribute to hair loss when taken in excess. While more research is needed, it’s thought that a lack of vitamin D can cause hair loss since it signals pathways of growth and differentiation of hair follicles. There’s a link between vitamin D and certain alopecias like androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. Besides, having vitamin D deficiency is bad for your health overall, so taking it — especially in winter — can only benefit you.

A lack of vitamin B, specifically biotin, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin B12, can also contribute to hair loss. If you’re not getting enough through food, it’s good to take supplements. Keep in mind though that taking these vitamins doesn’t mean your hair will start magically growing. It means that if you’re deficient in any of these areas, a supplement may help prevent hair loss.

As for iron deficiency causing hair loss, the jury’s still out on that one. This has been debated back and forth for years, and even though there’s no conclusive evidence, in some controlled studies, using an iron supplement has proven to have positive outcomes for hair loss. Consider boosting your vitamin C intake if you suffer from hair loss associated with iron deficiency.

Minimize your stress

Stress-related hair loss can take a few forms. Some people gravitate towards pulling their hair to self-soothe, which is a condition called trichotillomania — different to traction alopecia, which is also caused by pulling of hair, but as a result of styling it too tightly.

Stress also causes the body to release a hormone called cortisol, which in turn causes a surge in another hormone, testosterone. A certain subtype of testosterone called dihydrotestosterone lives in your skin and hair. When there’s too much of it, overstimulation causes hair loss. Stress management techniques like mindfulness or psychotherapy can help you keep calm in tough situations and mitigate the consequences of constant stress.

Additionally, cortisol causes an accelerated breakdown and reduced synthesis of hyaluronan and proteoglycans — proteins that influence cell behaviour — which can also contribute to hair loss.
Stress management techniques like mindfulness or talk therapy can help you keep calm in tough situations and mitigate the consequences of constant stress.

Take a break from colouring and heat styling

Harsh chemicals from hair dyes and heat from blow dryers aren’t good for your hair. In high-shed seasons like summer and fall, go easy on any intensive styling if you’re noticing hair loss. Permanent hair dye contains ammonia, which weakens the hair shaft.

Heat styling depletes your hair’s natural proteins, leaving your hair dry and prone to snapping off. Natural dyes and air drying your hair are two less harmful alternatives.

And while it has been said that certain shampoo ingredients cause hair loss, there’s no research to back that up. Sulphates, formaldehyde, parabens, and more have all been dubbed culprits, and while they can damage your hair, they don’t necessarily cause hair to fall out.

Medication

Dermatologists may recommend topical and oral prescription medications that can help hair regrow. In men, minoxidil (Loniten) and finasteride (Propecia) for hair loss have proven effective, and for women, a top choice is minoxidil. So if you’ve been wondering if there’s a prescription for hair loss, there are options. While medication is unlikely to restore your full head of hair, it can promote new growth that may not have otherwise occurred.

Steroid injections

Intralesional corticosteroids have a high success rate for those with alopecia areata. These steroid injections for hair loss are injected into bald patches to help stimulate hair growth. The injections are most useful for patchy, stable hair loss, but the results vary. A dermatologist or medical professional would need to assess your scalp and hair to determine if you’re a good candidate for this procedure.

Hair transplants

This is the most intense option to regain your hair, but the success rates are pretty good. A hair transplant is a surgical procedure to help regrow hair. This technique involves healthy hair follicles moving from another part of the body to the balding area. Transplants have better outcomes than medications, and although the hair will still thin over time, it does provide growth in the interim.

When do dermatologists recommend treatment for hair loss?

A dermatologist will look at your medical history, scalp, and how much your hair is shedding. Sometimes they may even request bloodwork. If the dermatologist determines what you’re experiencing is hair shedding, they likely won’t recommend treatment since this is often temporary.

But if you have hair loss, treatment is more likely to be in order. And, the earlier hair loss is discovered, the better your chance of success.

How a dermatologist on Maple can help

As we discover more about the origins of seasonal hair loss, taking stock of when you notice increased shedding is a great preventative measure. If you know when to predict hair loss, you can have a plan in place for those months. Whether it’s diet changes or a low-heat hairstyle, you’ll know the time of year when you need to change your routine to maintain lush locks.

Hair loss can be a tough experience, but we can help. You can book an appointment with a Canadian-licensed dermatologist for hair loss on Maple in hours without a referral, and you don’t even have to leave home since all consultations take place online. The dermatologist will look at your medical history, ask questions about your hair, view pictures, and prescribe the appropriate treatment, as deemed necessary.

Don’t wait for the seasons to change — a dermatologist on Maple can help you sort through the available options so you can look and feel your best.

The information presented here is for educational purposes and is not meant to replace the advice from your medical professional.

When using virtual care, all medical treatment is at the sole discretion of the provider. Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies, and your provider will determine if your case is appropriate for virtual care. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulties breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

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